Increasing Tuition Costs For College - 1624 Words

Increasing Tuition Costs College degrees are becoming ever more a standard in my industries, just to get into the door with certain companies. Even when degrees might not be required to get a decent job, marketing can take over and make you think that you need to get a college degree or you won’t land that dream job. Brill states that on the average, we are continually reminded, the earnings of college graduates are substantially higher than those who have obtained no more than a high school diploma. Almost everyone nowadays is feeling the pressure of keeping up. An unprecedented percentage of high school students (67.5%) are attending college at a great financial sacrifice to themselves and their families (1999). Brill also goes on to†¦show more content†¦The need to make tuition is greater than ever, but it is currently not becoming easier, it is quite the opposite with tuitions rates on the rise and government funding being cut to make matters worse, which leads to higher learning institut ions towards privatizing. This is leading towards tuition rates climbing at even higher rates. Most states are included in this funding cut on higher education in Colorado having some of the biggest cuts. According to Mortensen, Colorado has reduced its support for higher education by nearly 69.4 percent, from $10.52 in fiscal 1980 (and a peak of $13.85 in fiscal 1971) to $3.22 by fiscal 2011. At this rate of decline Colorado appropriations will reach zero in 2022, 11 years from now. Projections using more recent data find that Colorado could hit zero as soon as 2019 (2012). At the rate Colorado is cutting funding to higher education, we could see zero funding in as little as three years. Colorado’s colleges could become fully funded by private sources very quickly which will drive tuition rates well beyond inflation. The impact this will have is that less students will be able to afford to attend college in Colorado which will bring in less money to the state and weaken the workforce even greater since there will be

Supporting the Elderly Essay - 797 Words

As adults the transition into old age can be difficult for some people. Frustration, lack of responsibility and dependence can make the process of aging undesirable. Old age should be viewed as another phase of life, but not the end of life. In order to help elderly cope with aging it is important for them to have social interaction. Support from family, friends and the local community can make a difference in the psychological well being of older adults. There is great concern for the increasing amount of elderly people without children. Childlessness can not be directly linked to loneliness and depression in the elderly, but there is some evidence that it can have an effect on their psychological well being. According to an article†¦show more content†¦Although the main effects of childlessness are minimal in this study for older persons, it can not be ruled out that childlessness has no direct effect on the psychological wellbeing of older people. The aspect of well being can differ, but is still important for rural elderly. An article in Sex Roles, Compared to their urban counterparts, rural elders experience significant threats to their economic, physical, and psychological well-being (Patrick, Cortells, and Barnes, 1993.) Factors such as age, gender, education, income, and marital status, can be predictors of well-being. More important though is social support. Socialization differences in men and women can produce varying results of positive or negative well being. Women are more emotionally supportive and have a larger network of support. Men do not rely on friends as much and are more withdrawn. In the article, Gender, emotional support, and well-being among the rural elderly, a study was done to determine the association among emotional support and well-being as well as gender differences. Evidence from the study demonstrates Women and those perceiving less emotional support from family were more likely to report high levels of negative affect. (Patrick, Cortells, and Barnes, 1993.) TheShow MoreRelatedUnfair Access to Information 884 Words   |  4 Pagestechnologies and services in the digital age for the poor, the elderly and other disadvantaged groups is currently a controversial topic. The purpose of this essay is to examine the hypothesis that access to information in the digital age is unfair. I will examine two refuting arguments and two supporting arguments. The counter arguments are the quality of government councils improved and benefit with minority groups, and the supporting arguments are reinforcement of the non-digital inequalities andRead MoreWhat I Could Change My Town Or Parish1603 Words   |  7 Pagesis that people are suing elderly people over property disputes. 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This theory of aging states that older adults will actually maintain the same activities, behaviorsRead MoreSocial Inequality in Elderly Americans1115 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Inequality in Elderly Americans Elderly people (women and men age sixty-five or older) (Macionis, 2005), Have many obstacles to face as they grow older, many of these obstacles involve social inequality. Not only do the elderly have to learn to deal with many forms of Ageism (the stereotyping and prejudice against individuals or groups because of their age), some also have to deal with the fact that they do not have enough savings or pension benefits to be self supporting, for most people overRead MoreLate Adulthood and Death855 Words   |  4 Pagesattitudes toward elderly. Stereotypes can be positive and negative but people tend to hold more negative beliefs than positive about aging. Negative stereotypes and attitudes influence elderly to develop specific expectation and self-efficacy beliefs about their task performance. This belief affects their performance. Negative and repeated messages communicated to many older adults erode their sense of self-esteem and identity during the late adulthood years. People vi ew elderly as socially sensitive

Global Warming Essay Sample free essay sample

The term planetary heating was foremost used in its modern sense in a scientific discipline paper dated 8th August 1975 in the diary scientific discipline called â€Å"Are we on the threshold of a marked planetary heating? † The words used by Broker were new and they represented a convincing acknowledgment that there was an sum of warming in the clime. Scientists antecedently used the phrase â€Å"inadvertent clime modification† because even though it was realized that worlds could convey about a alteration in the environment. no-one was peculiarly certain as to which way it was traveling. The word Global Warming was foremost used by National Academy of Sciences in 1979 in a paper called The Charney Report. which wrote: â€Å"If there is a uninterrupted addition in the sum of C dioxide in the ambiance. there’ll be no ground to doubt that clime alterations will come up and no ground to believe that these alterations will be near to insignificant. † The study made a contrast between mentioning to alterations in surface temperature as Global Warming while mentioning to assorted other alterations caused by increased CO2 as clime alteration. Global heating became more normally popular fundamentally after 1988 when a NASA clime scientist James Hansen used the term in a presentation to congress. He said. â€Å"Global heating has reached to such a phase that we can depict it with a great grade of assurance as a cause and consequence relationship between the nursery consequence and the noticed heating. † His statement was widely reported and the word ‘Global Warming’ was normally used in public unwrap and by the imperativeness. Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. projectearth. net/Project/Details/1508 Global heating has been one of the biggest environmental and human-centered crises since the late nineteenth century. Decades have been spent by the scientists to calculate out what really is doing planetary heating. Natural rhythms and events that are known to act upon clime have been looked upon. But the form and sum of warming that has been measured can non be explained merely by these factors. The lone interpretable manner is to take into consideration the consequence of nursery gases ( GHGs ) in the ambiance due to human activities. A group of scientists called the ‘Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’ or IPCC was formed by the United Nations to convey all this information together. Latest scientific findings are reviewed every few old ages by the IPCC meetings and studies are written sum uping all that is known about planetary heating. Every study puts frontward an understanding. or a consensus among 100s of major taking scientists. The first thing that scien tists found out is that warming is caused by several nursery gases. which are emitted by worlds in a figure of ways. Most of them come from combustion of fossil fuels in mills. autos and electricity production. Carbon Dioxide or CO2 is the gas responsible for most of the heating. Methane discharged from landfills and agribusiness. chiefly from digestive systems of croping animate beings. azotic oxide released from fertilisers. gases which are used for industrial procedures and infrigidation. and cutting down of woods that would otherwise shop CO2 are some other subscribers of planetary heating. The consequence of green house gases such as C dioxide. deforestation. emanations from firing fossil fuels. caparison of unneeded heat that should otherwise flight from the Earth. doing a rise in its mean surface temperature is known as planetary heating. It is besides called the nursery consequence. Heat pin downing C dioxide overloads the earth’s atmosphere and causes big scale breaks and other black effects. Warming of the climatic system is absolute. scientists being decisive that it is chiefly due to increasing concentrations of green house gases contributed by assorted human activities o f fouling the environment. Different heat-trapping abilities are found in different nursery gases. Some of them capable of pin downing more heat than CO2. A individual molecule of methane emits more than 20 times the heating of a individual molecule of CO2. Nitrous oxide being 300 times more powerful than C dioxide. Gass such as CFCs have been banned in many parts of the universe because of their ability to degrade the ozone bed. Such gases trap the heat thousand times more than CO2 does. But because they have low concentration than CO2. none of them add that much heat to the ambiance every bit much as CO2 does. To understand the impacts of all gases together. scientists normally talk about all nursery gases in footings of the commensurate sum of CO2. Annual emanations of ‘carbon dioxide equivalent’ have gone up by 6 billion metric dozenss worldwide since 1990. more than 20 % addition. Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //environment. nationalgeographic. co. in/environment/global-warming/gw-causes Rising temperatures worsen smog pollution and increase the figure of â€Å"bad air days† wherein it becomes difficult to take a breath. Annoyed eyes. olfactory organ. and lungs are some of its symptoms. and is chiefly unsafe for people who suffer from respiratory diseases like asthma. Unhealthy air pollution will maintain acquiring worse as the clime alterations. Across the Earth. clime alteration is the ground for doing hot summer yearss hotter and stretching their Numberss to neer stoping heat moving ridges. As the temperature rises. so are the figure of unwellness. exigencies and deceases. In a manner. the heat is doing more than merely uncomfortableness. Record highs in the summer of 2010 were seen in more than 37 provinces of the U. S. . and in much of the parts. the temperature did non look to chill off at dark. Nationwide. more than 28. 5 million people resided in states where 2010’s standard temperature set records. and more than 36 million people lived in state s where they experienced hottest summer darks that were of all time recorded. As a consequence of temperature rise. longer summers and altering rainfall forms. insects like mosquitoes capable of transporting and conveying assorted diseases like dandy fever febrility can stay active for longer periods and seasons in broad countries. extremely increasing the hazard for people who live at that place. Tropical and semitropical insects tend to travel from parts where infective diseases advance into new topographic points due to increase in precipitation. heat and humidness. Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nrdc. org/globalwarming/ National scientific discipline academies of all main industrialized states have recognized such findings of alteration in the planetary temperature. Indications are such that the planetary surface temperature during the twenty-first century is largely to lift a farther 1. 1 to 2. 9 degree Celsius for the minimal emanations instance and 2. 4 to 6. 4 degree Celsius for the upper limit. A rise in the sea degrees. alteration in the form and sum of precipitation. likely enlargement of semitropical comeuppances are some of the effects of addition in the planetary temperature of Earth. The go oning retreat of glaciers. permafrost and sea ice are associated with fact that strongest heating is predicted in the Arctic part. Other awaited effects of the nursery warming include a more continual happening of utmost conditions events consisting of heavy rainfall. heat moving ridges. drouths. ocean acidification and extinction of assorted species due to switching temperature system. Change in clime has accorded to a rise in utmost conditions events. which includes high strength hurricanes in the North Atlantic and much heavier rainfalls across the Earth. Scientists believe that clime alteration will raise the frequence of heavy rainstorms. which will set many communities at hazard for mayhem from inundations. Injury and decease. risky stuff spills. contaminated imbibing H2O. moldy houses. rise in the population of disease transporting gnawers and insects and community breaks are some of wellness impacts and hazards caused by deluging. Streams. lakes and rivers can overrun as rains keep acquiring heavier increasing the hazard of water-borne diseases fluxing into imbibing H2O beginnings. Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. boundless. com/chemistry/thermochemistry/energy-use-and-environment/environmental-problems-associated-with-fossil-fuel-use/ When the points are connected between utmost conditions and clime alteration and wellness. the lines are clear. The Earth is demoing something with record heat. storms and drouths. Scientists are demoing us this is what planetary warming expressions like. One of the most serious public wellness menaces confronting the Earth is climate alteration. though really less people are cognizant of how it can impact the population. The most vulnerable are the aged. the kids and communities populating in poorness. The chief ground why our planet is acquiring hotter is Carbon pollution. which increases the opportunities of drouth. inundation and conditions catastrophes. thereby aching our wellness. Water is life. and this cherished resource is being threatened by clime alteration. Climate alteration is traveling to hold converting impacts on the sustainability of supplies of H2O in the coming decennaries. As parts of the Earth get desiccant. the quality and measure of H2O available is likely to diminish – making an impact on people’s wellness and nutrient supplies. A new dislocation. executed by confer withing house Tetra Tech for the NRDC. looked into the effects of planetary heating on H2O supply. The survey found out that one tierce of all states in lower 48. i. e. more than 1100 states will be confronting higher hazards of H2O deficits as a consequence of planetary heating by the mid-century. Highly high hazards of H2O deficits will be faced by more than 400 of these states. Mention: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nrdc. org/health/climate/disease. asp Global heating has been observed in assorted natural systems. Rise of the sea degree and across the board decreases in snow and ice extent are some of the ascertained temperature alterations. Most of the rise in planetary mean temperature since the mid twentieth century. with high expectancy. is because of the human-induced alterations in the concentration of nursery gases. Global emanations are still expected to turn over clip even though there are policies to cut down emanations. Sea degree rise for the twenty-first century is estimated to run from 0. 18 to 0. 59 metres. The thaw of ice sheets will bring on even higher rise in the sea degree. Changes in regional clime include more heating over land. most of it being at high northern latitudes. and least warming over parts of the Northern Atlantic Ocean and the Southern ocean. In add-on. Arctic is expected to be mostly ice free by September 2037. Calculation shows with high statistical assurance. that peculiar conditions events like the heat moving ridges in Texas and the 2003 European heat moving ridge would non hold occurred if there was no planetary heating. These temperatures are expected to escalate the hydro-logical rhythm. with more utmost drouths and inundations. Though. effects on hurricane activity are less certain. In tellurian ecosystems. the earlier timing of spring events and displacements in works and animate being scopes have been associated with much of surety to recent heating. Future alteration in the clime is bound to notably impact certain ecosystems. along with tundra. Rhizophora mangles and coral reefs. Expectations are such that most ecosystems will be altered by higher atmospheric CO2 degrees. amalgamated with higher planetary temperatures. Overall. it is estimated that clime alteration will convey about the extinction of many species and will cut down the diverseness of ecosystem. Ocean sourness rises due to fade out CO2 in the H2O. This evil twin of planetary clime alteration is ocean acidification. Increase in the ocean sourness leads to decrease in the sum of carbonate ions. which organisms such as Foraminifera at the base of marine nutrient concatenation usage to do constructions needed to last. The current rate of ocean acidification has increased at a high rate in the past 300 million old ages due to which four mass extinctions took topographic point one of it being the Permian mass extinction. which killed 95 % of marine species. Vulnerability of human societies to alter in the clime lies mostly on the effects of extreme-weather events instead than the gradual alteration in the clime. Some of the impacts of clime alteration so far include unfavourable effects on little islands. inauspicious effects on Aboriginal populations in high latitude countries. and other little evident effects on human wellness.

The Collected Poetry of Nikki Giovanni 68-98 Flashcard

The Collected Poetry of Nikki Giovanni 68-98

Gothic Influence Essays - Architectural Styles, Flying Buttress

Gothic Influence Essays - Architectural Styles, Flying Buttress Gothic Influence The church in the Middle Ages was a place that all people, regardless of class, could belong to. As a source of unity, its influence on art and architecture was great during this time. As society drew away from the feudal system of the Romanesque period, a new spirit of human individualism began to take hold; alas, the birth of Gothic. Here, the Church became a place where humanity became more acceptable, alas becoming the ideal place to visual such new ideals. The beauty and elegance of Gothic architecture is depicted most in the great cathedrals of the 12th, 13th and 14th centuriesSt. Denis, Notre Dame, Chartres, Salisbury, Durham, Amiens, and more. The experience of looking at one of the great gothic cathedrals is to look up towards God. Indeed, most Gothic structures emphasize the vertical, drawing ones eyes upwards toward the heavens with the awesomeness of God. These cathedrals were built with towering spires, pointed arches and flying buttresses giving impressions of harmony and luminosity. One of the major accomplishments of the 12th and 13th centuries was to develop the engineering mastery of the ribbed vault, pointed arch and flying buttress to create a great cathedral that is at once taller, lighter, wider, and more elegant than the ones before. Even though the pointed arch could support more weight than its predecessors, there was still the problem of finding a way to support the heavy masonry ceiling vaults over wide spans. In order to support the outward thrust of barrel vaults, vertical support walls have to be very thick and heavy. What makes possible the extensive use of ribbed vaulting and pointed arches to open and lighten the walls and space of the cathedral is the flying buttressan arched bridge above the aisle roof that extends from the upper nave wall, where the lateral thrust of the main vault is greatest, down to a solid pier. [Jansen, History of Art, p. 407]. The effect is to add structural strength and solidity to the building. The visual appearance of changes from the Early and Later or High Gothic are clear, as each cathedral became increasingly narrower and taller. For instance, compare the nave elevations of Notre-Dame to Amiens [Text, fig. 442, p. 333], the pointed arches of Amiens are significantly taller and narrower than the much earlier Notre Dame. The mastery of the flying buttress allowed medieval builders to construct taller and more elegant looking buildings with more complex ground plans. Encyclopedia Britannica 97 describes the flying effect of this buttress of hiding the masonry supports of the structure: a semi-detached curved pier connects with an arch to a wall and extends (or flies) to the ground or a pier some distance away. The delicate elegance of Gothic cathedrals is different from the Heavy buttresses jutting out between the chapels of Romanesque churches,. From the outside, aesthetic consideration of the flying buttresses was significant and its shape could express supportaccording to the designers sense of style. The flying buttress was first used on a monumental scale at Notre Dame From the outsider the flying buttresses create a seemingly bewildering mass of soaring props, struts, and buttresses, yet blend in with the rich sculpture and elaborate portals of the West faade, giving the appearance of a three-st ory layout. [Text. P. 325-326, fig. 429 ( This contrasts visually with the plans that show the buttresses as massive blocks of masonry that stick out from the building like a row of teeth. [Text. P. 325, Fig. 426].) At Chartres the flying buttress is more unique, the half arch is made of smaller arches that give more height to the already narrower and more vertical walls of the nave., as well as blending in with the colonnaded triforium wall of the nave [Text, p. 329, fig. 434, fib. 437]. In England, the flying buttress appears almost as an afterthought where verticality is not as important. English Gothic style emphasizes a long, low, sprawling character compared to the compact, vertical of French Gothic. [Text. P. 336]) Flying Buttresses also made the personification of Gothic art possible, as it allowed for almost no structure support in the walls. The flying buttress lends the interior illusion of being amazingly

Parts of a Book How to Know if You Got Them Right

Parts of a Book How to Know if You Got Them Right Parts of a Book How to Know if You Got Them Right Putting together a book willy nilly wont get you the book sales youre looking for.You know what you want to write aboutWhat you dont know is which parts of a book are actually necessary in your book.And let me tell you, getting this wrong can make you look like a real amateur instead of a credible professional- which is what you actually want.Right?Knowing which parts of a book to include in yours and which dont make any sense starts with knowing what they are to begin with.These are the parts of a book well cover for you:Title pageCopyrightTable of contentsDedicationForewordPrologueEpilogueEpigraphIntroductionInciting incidentSections of a bookAct structureFirst slapSecond slapClimaxAcknowledgementsAuthor biographyComing soon / Read MoreBack cover or synopsis of a bookWhat are the parts of a book?Parts of a book make up the entirety of the book, including the title, introduction, body, conclusion, and back cover.In order to write a book book in full, you need to have all the moving parts to make it not only good but also effective.Without essential pieces, your book will appear unprofessional and worse: youll lose the credibility and authority writing a book is so useful for.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereParts of a Book You Need for SuccessIts not enough to just write and self-publish a book by throwing it up on Amazon or any other publishing site.You have to get the parts of your book right if you want it to sell more, get those 5-star reviews, and place you as an authority figure in your field. Heres how to do that. #1 Title PageFor obvious reasons, your title is importantBut thats not all thats important to your book. The title page is also necessary and without it, your book will be missing something crucial.Your title page serves as a means of not only declaring your title clearly, but also ensuring your name, subti tle, endorsement, and any other crucial information is present for your readers to view clearly.Heres an example of a great title page and what you can use to replicate your own:As you can see, the title page is really just the main title, any subtitle you may have, and the authors name as the bottom.Other than this being an industry standard for books, it helps to keep everything clear without the obstruction of any title images.#2 CopyrightYour book needs to be copyrighted. Unless youre okay with others stealing its content and reaping the rewards for themselves, that is.We have a great guide on what it takes to copyright a book right here for you to view, but here are some of the basics.Technically a book is copyrighted as you write it. But if you want it to be fully legal, you do have to pay to have it copyrighted.Your copyright content will change depending on the type of book youre writing.There are certain copyrights you cannot have exclusive rights to depending on what you cover in your book, which is usually impacted the most by what you write in a memoir and its legalityHeres an example of what a copyright section of a book may look like:#3 Table of ContentsThere are a lot of reasons to have a table of contents in your book. For one, it helps readers know where to find the information theyre really looking for.Secondly, this is highly useful in kindle or ebook versions of your book in order to help readers click and navigate without having to actually arrow over through the pages in order to get there.The happier the reader, the better the reviews they leave.What is a table of contents?A table of contents is a list of a books chapters or sections with the heading name and often the page number if there are no links inside.Heres an example of this part of a book:#4 DedicationThis is the part of a book that most of us write long before the actual book is finishedwe just tend to jot it down in our minds instead of on paper.Your book dedication is lik e your acceptance speech when given an award. Except your book is the award and therefore, you get to write this speech and place it where everyone can read it before even starting the book.This dedicated often comes after the title page and before the table of contents. Its a short few sentences thanking whomever helped you get to the point of writing the book or just people you want to acknowledge as thanks.This is an example what a dedication of your book may look like from our own Student Success Strategist Pedro Mattoss debut novel I Wish Everyone Was an Immigrant:#5 ForewordIf youre looking to increase your credibility, get a book endorsement by someone who knows you and your story well, then a foreword is what you want.What is a foreword?A foreword is an introduction to a book written by someone other than the author that lends credibility to the authors status to write the book.Think of a foreword as a sort of endorsement of the book. The person who writes it is usually an author themselves, though they can also just be a person of authority in the same or similar field.Above is an example of a foreword from The Go-Giver by Bob Burg.Forewords typically come after the table of contents and before the introduction or first chapter of the book.#6 PrologueFiction is where prologues live. Oftentimes, stories may need additional context before the actual story begins in order for the reader to make sense of it and elements within the book itself.What is a prologue?A prologue is a short chapter that usually takes place before the main story begins as a means of granting understanding to the reader. Its also used to increase intrigue and captivate readers.Not all books require prologues and in fact, if you can write your novel without it, thats actually preferred as many readers skip the prologue altogether.Below is an example of a prologue from the very popular Game of Thrones by George R.R. Martin.#7 EpilogueNot all book series get happily-ever-after endi ngs. When your book series ends but you want a way to let the readers know whats in store for the characters futures, an epilogue is a strong way to do that.What is an epilogue?An epilogue is a short chapter that comes after the last chapter of a book as a way to tie the story together in a conclusion.Essentially, the epilogue is the answer to the question, what happens to them next? This serves as a more satisfying way to let readers know that characters live happily ever after.Sometimes the ending of the story isnt satisfying enough for readers.That part of their story may end, but if your readers want a more in-depth look at their life after the story, thats when an epilogue would come into play to tie everything together.#8 EpigraphEpigraphs arent necessarily important, nor are they required. Oftentimes, these short snippets serve as a way to let readers know what lesson or subject will be covered in the chapter.What is an epigraph?An epigraph is a short question, quote, or eve n a poem at the beginning of a chapter meant to indicate the chapters theme or focus. This often ties the current work to predecessors with similar ideas and learnings.For example, below is an epigraph from The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R. Covey.#9 Book introductionMost nonfiction books include an introduction to the book- a chapter before your first chapter as a means to introduce yourself and your credibility or author on the subject matter to your readers.Your book introduction is extremely important for showing your readers why they should read the book and how youre the person to help them with whatever problem your book solves.One of the best ways to do this is to first establish the pain points your book helps to solve, and then make it clear how you, someone they dont know, can help with this issue.This usually involves some of your own backstory, but keep it specific to the problem at hand. Your readers dont need an entire rundown of your personal hist ory.#10 Inciting incidentIf youre writing fiction, you may have come across the term inciting incident before.What is an inciting incident?This is an early part of a book thats the point of no return for your characters. The inciting incident is what kicks your plot into full drive.Here are a couple examples of inciting incidents:Katniss volunteers to take her sisters place in The Hunger Games by Suzanne CollinsTobias enters the Tournament and gets accepted in The Saviors Champion by Jenna MoreciBella moves to Forks, where she meets Edward in biology class in Twilight by Stephanie MeyerBran gets pushed off the wall in Winterfell when he catches Jaime and Cersei Lannister together in Game of Thrones by George R.R. MartinThese are all points in the novel that the characters cannot come back from. In this instance, their lives are changed forever, which drive the plot forward.#11 Sections of a bookThis will mostly pertain to nonfiction authors, we well cover the fiction equivalent i n the next section.Some nonfiction books are written with different parts. These are usually separated into 3 parts that make up a greater whole in the book.For example, in the book Im currently writing, I break it up into 3 separate sections. Each part has its own focus and theme but they all work with one another to achieve a greater purpose.Heres an example of how the sections of my book work:Part 1 This part focuses on how your childhood impacts your adult behaviorsPart 2 This part aims to show readers how to move past their childhood and get control of their nowPart 3 This section moves beyond getting control and focuses on how readers can work toward building the future they both want and deserve despite their childhood traumasEach part of this book has a main focus and theme but when utilized together, they form a solution to a larger problem.#12 Act structureIn fiction, instead of creating separate sections like in the example above, you may split your work into differen t acts.Most commonly used is the three act structure.Although this isnt required of novels, its still quite popular to write a book with this structure, as it forms a cohesive order of events thats proven to be intriguing to readers.A popular example of this 3 act structure is in Sabaa Tahirs An Ember in the Ashes, featured below.#13 First slapIf youre familiar with our lingo around how to write a novel, or youre a student already, you may have heard of the first and second slap.These are pivotal points in your characters journey that further the plot and often make their efforts more difficult.The first slap is often the biggest setback for your character following the inciting incident.Here are some examples of what a first slap is in popular stories:Katniss entering the hunger games after trials and testsBella finding out Edward is a vampire in TwilightTobiass first challenge in the tournament in The Saviors Champion by Jenna MoreciAll of these have one thing in common: they mak e the lives harder for the characters.#14 Second slapLike the first slap, the second slap is a pivotal point in the novel where your character faces a downfall, most often after having a win or two under their belt since the first slap.The second slap needs to be placed shortly after your readers have gained hope in your characters ability to succeed in whatever their goal is.The idea behind this is to hook your readers again and let them know that it is not all smooth sailing for your characters throughout the rest of the book.Oftentimes, the second slap is worse than the first, where 90% of your characters hope in succeeding is lost and therefore, your readers will lose hope too. This makes them root for your character even more, increasing the amount they care for your character.#15 ClimaxWe all know the climax of the book is the most important part. Its where your character faces the biggest obstacle in achieving their goal in the book.Here are a few examples of climaxes in po pular books:Whenever Harry Potter comes face-to-face with Voldemort in the booksKatniss and Peeta are up against one more foe before winning the games in the first bookBella gets taken by James and Edward has to fight to save herThe climax is the last challenge before the ending, or resolution, of your book. It is the point of the highest tension and its where your character faces the worst odds- worse than the first and second slaps.#16 AcknowledgementsWe all have people in our lives to acknowledge for our success in writing a book.Much like the dedication, the acknowledgements are meant to recognize impactful people in our lives. These, unlike the dedication, typically come at the end of the book and can be written in longer, paragraph form as a pose to a short sentence for each.#17 Author bioNot all books contain an author bio in it, specifically fiction (unless its a hardback copy).Nonfiction, however, is a type where the author bio can be at the bottom of the back page of you r book, beneath the back cover synopsis.Heres an example of an author bio for Omer Dylan Reddens Life Doc.Your author bio doesnt have to be very long. Keep it short and simple while still showing your readers your credibility in what your book covers.#18 Coming soon / Read moreThis part of a book might not matter to you unless you have a book series or multiple books to your name.The coming soon and read more pages are used to help your readers purchase and read more of your books.This section of a book often comes at the very end, after your epilogue and acknowledgments. Its a single page with the cover images of your other book/s, their titles, and links for your ebook copy.This not only makes it easier for your readers to buy the next book, but its also a great way to sell more books overall.#19 Back cover or synopsis of a bookI saved the best (and most important) for last. The back cover, also known as the synopsis of your book, is by far the most critical for getting people t o buy.Without a good synopsis to hook readers and buy them into your book, you wont sell.These are crucial for both fiction and nonfiction.With your fiction synopsis, you want to create intrigue and show your readers that theyll get a good story. The trick is doing this with a few short paragraphs.Heres an example of a fiction synopsis that works, from Jenna Morecis The Saviors Champion: Heres a nonfiction example of the back cover from Lisa Zelenaks Find Your Thing:As you can see, these look very different, though they serve the same purpose. The back of your book is the first thing someone reads in order to decide if they want to buy your book.Make it concise, convincing, and show them the value theyll get from reading it- be that an entertaining read or a solution to their problem.Start Your Book TODAYIf you want to start your book and make it stand out against the millions already out there, we have what you needA free training to help you get started

Kuder Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kuder - Assignment Example These reflect my personality as well as my upbringing. I have always been an individual who is ready to help and would not think it impossible to advance the interest and welfare of others above my own or in the interest of the greater good. In looking at specific variables in the result regarding the potential industries that I would thrive in, I realized that these are aligned with what I have been interested early on. For instance, I got high marks on health science. This was not really surprising because I have always been interested in biology in high school. I could still remember promising to be a doctor after we viewed a video lesson about avian flu and the impact of an epidemic on people. The focus of my extracurricular activities also reflected my interest in areas such as communication, technology and relationship with people. There are certain areas in the result that perplexed me a little. I scored high in education and training yet I did poorly in hospitality and tourism industries. The reason for this is that I have been considering a career in the latter cluster since I do like to cook and I am curious about the hospitality industry whereas the academe has not entered my mind as yet. But when I saw my work values I sort of understood this part. I am quite independent with a deep hunger for accomplishment: that is, I had to know and feel that I am doing something meaningful and important not just for others but also for the society. This thought also helped me understand why – according to the assessment - I might not excel in managerial and administrative positions. My ethnic background sets great importance to management position and those around me tend to believe that it is one of the ultimate objectives of any career, to be the boss. I found that I will be more successful elsewhere. With all the information I have from the Kudder and Work Values assessments, I feel I am more in the position to choose the

CIS assigntment #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CIS assigntment #2 - Essay Example There are different types of Malware present in the market and they are used by their attackers to perform different activities. Some of the malware present in the wolrd of computers to day include: Viruses – These can be said to be one of the oldest malwares that have been present in the world of computers (Brodkin, 2013). Viruses are programs that have been designed to replicate themselves so as to spread from computer to computer causing havoc wherever they infect. They affect the computers they infect in a number of ways including changing the behavior of the computer, erasing data and stealing information that may be stored on the computer. Viruses embed themselves onto other program files in the computer and are activated when the user attempts to open the infected file (Brodkin, 2013). They can be spread through a downloaded file that contains the virus which is transferred from one computer to another. Trojans – These malware is named after the Greek mythology of the Trojan horse due to their innocent appearance to the user so as to avoid suspicion of the actual danger that they yield (Brodkin, 2013).Once they are activated however, they are able to achieve a number of attackers on the Personal Computer such as causing continuous irritations such as unrelated pop up windows to more harmful acts such as the deletion of programs and the creation of backdoors into the computers files. The fact that Trojans present themselves as harmless programs make them harder to detect and a user may be more vulnerable to this form of malware. Remote Access Trojans (RATs) are those that can create a backdoor system that allow the hacker access to one’s computer and is even able to send commands via root access capabilities (Brodkin, 2013). Backdoors – These are programs that are designed to allow the creator undetected access to a computer system once they have been installed. Backdoors can be used by hackers to steal information from a server

Singapore Airlines Essay Example for Free

Singapore Airlines Essay Over the past four decades, it has earned a stellar reputation in the ï ¬ ercely competitive commercial aviation business by providing customers with high-quality service and dominating the business-travel segments.  World’s Best Airline award from Condà © Nast  Traveler 21 out of the 22 times it has been  awarded and Skytrax’s Airline of the Year  award three times over the past decade. What’s not so well known is that despite the  quality of its services, SIA is also one of the industry’s most cost-effective operators. From 2001 to 2009, its costs per available seat kilometer (ASK) were just 4.58 cents. According to a 2007 International Air Transport Association  study, costs for full-service European airlines  were 8 to 16 cents, for U.S. airlines 7 to 8 cents,  and for Asian airlines 5 to 7 cents. In fact, SIA  had lower costs than most European and  American budget carriers, which ranged from  4 to 8 cents and 5 to 6 cents respectively. It’s intriguing that SIA has combined the  supposedly incompatible strategies of differ-  harvard business review †¢ july–august 2010  entiation—which it pursues through service  excellence and continuous innovation—and  cost leadership. Few enterprises have executed a dual strategy proï ¬ tably; indeed, management experts such as Michael Porter argue that it’s impossible to do so for a sustained period since dual strategies entail contradictory investments and organizational processes. Yet pursuing dual strategies is becoming an imperative. The demand for valuefor-money products and services has shot up since the recent recession, particularly in developed countries, so even producers of premium offerings have to ï ¬ gure out how to grab opportunities in the middle and the low end  of the market. Moreover, multinational corporations face competition from rivals— many of them from emerging markets—that  use new technologies and business models to  provide good-enough offerings at attractive  prices. Incumbents can ï ¬ ght back by cutting  prices or further differentiating products and  services, but it’s often a losing battle.

Witchcraft Essay -- European History, Middle Ages, Witches

Beginning in the Middle Ages and through the seventeenth centuries, an infiltration of witchcraft persevered throughout Europe. The witch craze resulted in the torture and persecution of witches. More than 100,000 of witches who were tried were centered in the area of southwestern Europe. The mass hysteria of witches was denounced because of their rejection of God and their pact with the devil, which resulted in harsh punishments and accusations. One reason for the persecution of witches was they were thought to be the cause of bad harvests, epidemics, natural disasters, and personal tragedies. Witches also had a part in the religious aspect of Europe. The witches were persecuted because of the lack of a main religion, which was significant to life during the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. At this time of the witch phenomena, Europe was in a state of instability and people in Europe looked to benefit from the persecution of witches in the form of goods and money. The persecuti on of individuals as witches in Europe was mainly a repercussion of economic circumstances, strong religious beliefs, and prejudices of the people. The economic scene at the time of the witch craze was very apparent during the period between 1480-1700. During this period Europe was in a state of instability, therefore money, and exploration was important to many. An eyewitness to persecutions, canon Linden of Trier, Germany states that people used the trials for economic enhancement. Linden wrote that the executioner made the most money and describes it â€Å"like a noble of the court†(Document A2). This is evidence that high ranked people or people in office were into the witch trials for their economic greed and desire for goods. Mayor of Bamberg, Germ... ...is high position in society drove the pandemonium around the witch craze. The Protestant and Catholic religions were major influences on the everyday life of people in Europe during the 16th century, and all believed in persecuted witches. During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, people began to realize that their superstition surrounding witches was ridiculous and when they used their reason over belief it didn’t make sense for witches to be a threat. In the late fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries it is evident that superstition and reason was pertained to the beliefs of influential people, resulting in the initial phase and final phase of the witch-hunt. The religious aspects, economic greed, and social stereotypes of the time influenced these beliefs. These three components led to the deaths of many so-called witches across Europe.

Backlash Films

Over twenty years after its release, Fatal Attraction continues to inspire discussion and controversy. While the movie comfortably takes its place as one of the biggest blockbusters of the 1980s and one of the most unforgettable thrillers in cinematic history, there are many that contend it contains a slew of anti-feminist overtones. The female lead and her traits as an otherwise archetypal career woman combine with her psycho-sexual obsession with the male lead to create a character that some may see as tragic and insane, while others see as a direct attack on the feminist movement itself.With its portrayal of the stalking career woman that victimizes a hapless man and his innocent wife, Fatal Attraction contains many elements that reflect a â€Å"backlash† against the feminist movement, as well as dark male fears over the proliferation of career-minded women. Fatal Attraction, released in 1987, written by James Dearden and directed by Adrian Lyne, was conceived as a film abo ut the consequences of infidelity. The film’s main character, Dan Gallagher, played by Michael Douglas, is a New York lawyer with a seemingly happy family that includes a beautiful wife Beth, played by Anne Archer, and daughter.When Dan’s wife and daughter go away for the weekend, Dan meets the independent and sultry Alex Forrest, played by Glenn Close, at his law firm. The two soon engage in what Dan believes to be a casual and temporary affair. When Dan attempts to end the affair, Alex’s refusal to accept it turns dramatically negative. Alex begins to stalk Dan, showing up where he does, calling him until he refuses to take her calls. Eventually, realizing that Dan truly wants nothing to do with her, she tells him that she is pregnant with his baby.The growing obsessive madness of Alex peaks after she spies on Dan and his family from the bushes in his yard, and later breaks into the house when the family is out and boils the pet rabbit of Dan’s daughter . Because he can no longer hide his transgressions, Dan tells Beth about the affair, and she eventually forgives him. Alex crosses the final line with Dan and his family when she kidnaps his daughter only to return her unharmed later. It becomes apparent to all involved that something must be done, and for Alex, that means killing Dan’s wife so she can take her place.In a final climatic scene, Alex, Beth, and Dan physically fight as Alex attempts to kill Beth with a butcher knife. Dan is forced to drown Alex in the bathtub, but she only appears dead and attacks him again, when Beth, using a gun Dan purchased for protection, promptly guns her down. While many of the plot points in the movie can be seen as simple movie suspense, the deeper one digs the easier it is to find subtle allusions to the place of women in society. The role of the female characters in Fatal Attraction show diverging archetypes for the ideal woman, as viewed by traditionalists and progressive feminists.O n the one hand is Alex, the calculating career woman; on the other hand is Beth, the faithful wife and mother. The main female characters show the dichotomy between the traditional social roles of women and the ultramodern. According to Gerrig, â€Å"A social role is a socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person when functioning in a given setting or group† (Gerrig and Zimbardo 574). The portrayal of each can be seen as a representation of a provincial masculine view of femininity, in essence a backlash against feminism. Feminism has long been a misunderstood concept, by women and men alike.Beginning in the late nineteenth century with the rise of â€Å"the New Woman,† the First International Women’s Conference in Paris in 1892 coined the word after the French term feministe, to represent a belief in and advocacy of equal rights for women based on the idea of the equality of the sexes (Haslanger and Tuana). At the time, it was a call for su ffrage and equal justice for women and represented the beginning of the â€Å"First Wave† of feminism, which in America culminated in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote.By the time Fatal Attraction was released, feminism was in the midst of a strong new wave of feminism, which began in the late 1960s. In the â€Å"Second Wave† of feminism, feminists pushed far beyond the first wave by asking for more than just equal political rights but also greater universal equality in the workplace, education, at home, and with their own bodies (Haslanger and Tuana). The proliferation of birth control added to this wave and the growing independence of women reached a zenith in the 1980s, with women achieving equality in almost every sense of the word, with prominent women politicians, artists, and world figures.The character of Alex Forrest seemed to suggest a dark side to this rise of feminism, that the irrational female psyche will eventua lly overrule the mindset of even the most successful women, granted that they failed to have the things traditionally considered the most feminine: a family. The stability of the idealized traditional wife and mother, Beth, provides a stark contrast to the nightmarish descent into madness of the progressive single woman, Alex. While this could be nothing more than a dramatic coincidence, some see it as a deliberate expression of masculine fear of female empowerment.Fatal Attraction seems to suggest an almost misogynistic fear of the independent career woman that she seeks to destroy families and will stop at nothing to do so: â€Å"In its representation of a crazy career woman out to destroy the nuclear family, the film is a perfect example of the era’s conservative backlash against independent women† (Benshoff and Griffin 281). Alex participates in stalking, which is traditionally associated with men, and she possesses many of the same dominant tendencies of men.In he r book, High Contrast: Race and Gender in Contemporary Hollywood, Sharon Willis critiques Fatal Attraction, taking the position that films like it suggest that â€Å"feminine force seems to arise at the direct expense of masculine power and bodily integrity† and that femininity becomes inextricably linked to masculinity, a position widely shared by feminist film critics. Willis claims that films like Fatal Attraction focus â€Å"on an urgent effort to reinscribe the border of sexual difference at exactly the divide between domestic interior and public space† (Regester 52).Alex engages in behavior that, even in the 1980s, was deemed uniquely masculine. Women have long suffered the double standard of adhering to strict sexual mores, and her promiscuity exemplifies the lack of maternal qualities that most men look for in a mate. However, men like Dan use biological precedent to rationalize their constant desire to spread their seed. Dan is equally responsible for what occ urred, but it is almost as if he is forgiven for his gender’s predilection for sexual promiscuity, however erroneous.The most obvious feminist critique of Fatal Attraction is how it portrays Alex, the professional, single woman in her thirties as domineering, man-obsessed, and driven to insanity by her quest to achieve a long lasting relationship with Dan. The movie vilifies her and on the opposite end of the spectrum, sanctifies Beth, the devoted wife and mother. As with all the strong popular icons before her, Alex â€Å"becomes the screen upon which an audience of thousands projects their fears and fantasies† (Nguyen â€Å"The Legend of Billie Jean†).Through all of this, Dan is portrayed as almost more of a hapless victim that succumbs to the wiles of a siren than what he really is: a cheating spouse. The author of the story, James Dearden contends that he meant no deliberate anti-feminist overtones in his work, which began as a 1979 short film, â€Å"Divers ion. † According to Dearden, he merely borrowed from life to create a minimalist story about the perils of adultery: â€Å"My wife was out of town for the weekend, and I thought what would happen if a man who has just dropped his wife at the railroad station rings this girl who he’s met at a party and says, ‘Would you like to have dinner?’ But, then it all gets ugly† (Forsberg). According to the man who created the story, it was nothing more than a simple suspense story, and the criticisms that label it as anti-feminist and woman fearing are unfounded: â€Å"I don’t see that Alex symbolizes the New Woman and is therefore made to appear ghastly to sabotage the New Woman’s cause. She has a career because she lives in New York, where it’s difficult to survive without one. For me, it was a fable about the irrational creeping into the everyday† (Forsberg).He also examines the possibility of his own fears towards women and the p revalence of men that fear women in his script: â€Å"I don’t think I fear women, but there’s a certain archetype – the temptress who undoes heroes of Homeric legend who is as predatory sexually as the man – which men find hard to deal with because they’re used to being in the dominant role. Women certainly have an equal right to be dominant, but I don't like very dominant males or females period† (Forsberg).While it can be said that Fatal Attraction sought to express the male anxieties about the emerging female, as well as a rejection of feminism as a social force, to the movie aficionado it remains merely a suspense movie filled with gimmicks and plotlines as old as cinema itself. The immense success of Fatal Attraction may have entered it into the feminism conversation, but it realistically remains nothing more than a dramatic examination of adultery and obsession.The idea of the femme fatale is nothing new, and the movie simply showed th at, man or woman, there is no such thing as sex without consequences. Looking at Alex Forrest as a backlash against feminism is a fair criticism, however it is unfair to believe that a fictional suspense movie like Fatal Attraction could influence anybody that saw it free of any preexisting agendas. The movie may be simply a reflection of the ambitions that drive everyone mad, whether male or female, career or sexual, decent or indecent.Works Cited: Benshoff, Harry M. and Sean Griffin. America on Film: Representing Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality at the Movies. London: Blackwell Publishers, 2003. Forsberg, Myra. â€Å"James Dearden: Life After ‘Fatal Attraction’. † The New York Times. 24 Jul 1988. 16 Dec 2008. . Gerrig, Richard J. and Zimbardo, Philip G. â€Å"Social Norms. † Psychology and Life. 17th ed. 2005.Haslanger, Sally & Tuana, Nancy. â€Å"Topics in Feminism. † Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 15 Mar 2004. 16 Dec 2008. . Nguyen, Mimi . â€Å"The Legend of Billie Jean. † WorseThanQueer. com. 1 Aug 2005. 16 Dec 2008. . Regester, Charlene. â€Å"Review: High Contrast: Race and Gender in Contemporary Hollywood Film by Sharon Willis. † Film Quarterly, Vol. 52, No. 2. Winter 1998; pp. 51-52.

Ricardo’s Theory of Distribution

Ricardo’s contribution in his theory of distribution Ricardo sought to show how changes in distribution affect production and contended that as the economy grows, rent rises which leads to low profits and deters economic growth. Ricardo's theory of distribution has been briefly enunciated as follows: â€Å"(1) The demand for food determines the margin of cultivation; (2) this margin determines rent; Ricardo defined rent as â€Å"payment for the original and indestructible powers of the soil†.He identified rent as the margin of cultivation (i. e. When more land was taken to cultivation), but rent also arises because of diminishing returns of the land of the same quality (i. e. on the intensive margin). (3) the amount necessary to maintain the labourer determines wages; Increased agricultural production leads to higher money wages but the same real wages. Ricardo assumed, via the population principle, that ‘wage rates would be at subsistence levels in the long run. On the other hand, higher nominal wage rates and increasing aggregate rents place a two-way squeeze on profits. Although under competition profits are the same for all firms in a given industry, the inevitable tendency of profits is to decline as output increases. Eventually a minimum profit is reached at which additional capital accumulation and new investment ceases. (4) the difference between the amount produced by a given quantity of labour at the margin and the wages of that labour determines profit. Ricardo recognized that there is no measure of value, since any measure chosen varies with fluctuations in wages and profit rates. Moreover, he feels that the rising of rents will push profits down until there is no more profit, which probably might be the end of capitalism in his opinion. These theorems are too absolutely stated, and require much modification to adapt them to real life.

Digital library Essay Essays

Digital library Essay Essays Digital library Essay Essay Digital library Essay Essay Essay Topic: Shane Digital library An electronic library ( conversationally referred to as a digital library ) is a library in which aggregations are stored in electronic media formats ( as opposed to publish. microform. or other media ) and accessible via computing machines. [ 1 ] Wikipedia: VerifiabilityThe electronic content may be stored locally. or accessed remotely via computing machine webs. An electronic library is a type of information retrieval system. In the context of the DELOS [ 2 ] . a Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries. and DL. org [ 3 ] . a Coordination Action on Digital Library Interoperability. Best Practices and Modelling Foundations. Digital Library research workers and practicians and package developer produced a Digital Library Reference Model [ 4 ] [ 5 ] which defines a digital library as: â€Å"A potentially practical administration. that comprehensively collects. manages and conserves for the long deepness of clip rich digital content. and offers to its targeted user communities specialised functionality on that content. of defined quality and harmonizing to comprehensive statute policies. â€Å" [ 6 ] The first usage of the term digital library in print may hold been in a 1988 study to the Corporation for National Research Initiatives [ 7 ] Wikipedia: Verifiability The term digital libraries was foremost popularized by the NSF/DARPA/NASA Digital Libraries Initiative in 1994. [ 8 ] These draw to a great extent on As We May Think by Vannevar Bush in 1945. which set out a vision non in footings of engineering. but user experience. [ 9 ] The term practical library was ab initio used interchangeably with digital library. but is now chiefly used for libraries that are practical in other senses ( such as libraries which aggregate distributed content ) . A differentiation is frequently made between content that was created in a digital format. known as born-digital. and information that has been converted from a physical medium. e. g. paper. by digitising. It should besides be noted that non all electronic content is in digital informations format. The term intercrossed library is sometimes used for libraries that have both physical aggregations and electronic aggregations. For illustration. American Memory is a digital library within the Library of Congress. Some of import digital libraries besides serve as long term archives. such as arXiv and the Internet Archive. Others. such as the Digital Public Library of America. seek to do digital information widely accessible through public libraries. [ 10 ] Academic repositories Many academic libraries are actively involved in constructing institutional depositories of the institution’s books. documents. theses. and other plants which can be digitized or were ‘born digital’ . Many of these depositories are made available to the general populace with few limitations. in conformity with the ends of unfastened entree. in contrast to the publication of research in commercial diaries. where the publishing houses frequently limit entree rights. Institutional. genuinely free. and corporate depositories are sometimes referred to as digital libraries. Digital archives Physical archives differ from physical libraries in several ways. Traditionally. archives are defined as: 1. Incorporating primary beginnings of information ( typically letters and documents straight produced by an person or organisation ) instead than the secondary beginnings found in a library ( books. periodicals. etc. ) . 2. Having their contents organized in groups instead than single points. 3. Having alone contents. The engineering used to make digital libraries is even more radical for archives since it breaks down the 2nd and 3rd of these general regulations. In other words. â€Å"digital archives† or â€Å"online archives† will still by and large contain primary beginnings. but they are likely to be described separately instead than ( or in add-on to ) in groups or aggregations. Further. because they are digital their contents are easy consistent and may so hold been 1 Digital library reproduced from elsewhere. The Oxford Text Archive is by and large considered to be the oldest digital archive of academic physical primary beginning stuffs. The future Large graduated table digitisation undertakings are underway at Google. the Million Book Project. and Internet Archive. With continued betterments in book handling and presentation engineerings such as optical character acknowledgment and ebooks. and development of alternate depositaries and concern theoretical accounts. digital libraries are quickly turning in popularity. Just as libraries have ventured into audio and video aggregations. so have digital libraries such as the Internet Archive. Google Books undertaking late received a tribunal triumph on continuing with their book-scanning undertaking that was halted by the Authors’ club. This helped open the route for libraries to work with Google to break range frequenters who are accustomed to computerized information. One factor that gave Google an advantage is the librarie’s carnival usage statement. Harmonizing to Larry Lannom. Director of Information Management Technology at the non-profit-making Corporation should be for National Research Initiatives. â€Å"all the jobs associated with digital libraries are wrapped up in archiving. † He goes on to province. â€Å"If in 100 old ages people can still read your article. we’ll have solved the job. † Daniel Akst. writer of The Webster Chronicle. proposes that â€Å"the hereafter of libraries - and of information - is digital. † Peter Lyman and Hal Varian. information scientists at the University of California. Berkeley. estimation that â€Å"the world’s entire annual production of print. movie. optical. and magnetic content would necessitate approximately 1. 5 billion Gs of storage. † Therefore. they believe that â€Å"soon it will be technologically possible for an mean individual to entree virtually all recorded information. â€Å" [ 11 ] Searching Most digital libraries provide a hunt interface which allows resources to be found. These resources are typically deep web ( or unseeable web ) resources since they often can non be located by hunt engine sycophants. Some digital libraries create particular pages or sitemaps to let hunt engines to happen all their resources. Digital libraries often use the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting ( OAI-PMH ) to expose their metadata to other digital libraries. and search engines like Google Scholar. Yokel! and Scirus can besides utilize OAI-PMH to happen these deep web resources. [ 12 ] There are two general schemes for seeking a federation of digital libraries: 1. distributed searching. and 2. seeking antecedently harvested metadata. Distributed seeking typically involves a client directing multiple hunt petitions in analogue to a figure of waiters in the federation. The consequences are gathered. extras are eliminated or clustered. and the staying points are sorted and presented back to the client. Protocols like Z39. 50 are often used in distributed searching. A benefit to this attack is that the resource-intensive undertakings of indexing and storage are left to the several waiters in the federation. A drawback to this attack is that the hunt mechanism is limited by the different indexing and ranking capablenesss of each database. doing it hard to piece a combined consequence consisting of the most relevant found points. Searching over antecedently harvested metadata involves seeking a locally stored index of information that has antecedently been collected from the libraries in the federation. When a hunt is performed. the hunt mechanism does non necessitate to do connexions with the digital libraries it is seeking – it already has a local representation of the information. This attack requires the creative activity of an indexing and harvest home mechanism which operates on a regular basis. linking to all the digital libraries and questioning the whole aggregation in order to detect new and updated resources. OAI-PMH is often used by digital libraries for leting metadata to be harvested. A benefit to this attack is that the hunt mechanism has full control over indexing and superior algorithms. perchance 2 Digital library leting more consistent consequences. A drawback is that reaping and indexing systems are more resource-intensive and hence expensive. Frameworks The formal mention theoretical accounts include the DELOS Digital Library Reference Model [ 13 ] and the Streams. Structures. Spaces. Scenarios. Societies ( 5S ) formal model. [ 14 ] The Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System ( OAIS ) provides a model to turn to digital saving. [ 15 ] Construction and organisation See besides Digital Collections Selection Criteria. Software There are a figure of package bundles for usage in general digital libraries. for noteworthy 1s see Digital library package. Institutional depository package. which focuses chiefly on ingest. saving and entree of locally produced paperss. peculiarly locally produced academic end products. can be found in Institutional depository package. This package may be proprietary. as is the instance with the Library of Congress which uses Digiboard and CTS to pull off digital content. Digitization In the past few old ages. processs for digitising books at high velocity and relatively low cost have improved well with the consequence that it is now possible to digitise 1000000s of books per twelvemonth. [ 16 ] Google book-scanning undertaking [ 17 ] is besides working with libraries to offer digitise books forcing frontward on the digitize book kingdom. Advantages The advantages of digital libraries as a agency of easy and quickly accessing books. archives and images of assorted types are now widely recognized by commercial involvements and public organic structures likewise. [ 18 ] Traditional libraries are limited by storage infinite ; digital libraries have the possible to hive away much more information. merely because digital information requires really small physical infinite to incorporate it. As such. the cost of keeping a digital library can be much lower than that of a traditional library. A physical library must pass big amounts of money paying for staff. book care. rent. and extra books. Digital libraries may cut down or. in some cases. make off with these fees. Both types of library require cataloguing input to let users to turn up and recover stuff. Digital libraries may be more willing to follow inventions in engineering supplying users with betterments in electronic and audio book engineering every bit good as showing new signifiers of communicating such as wikis and web logs ; conventional libraries may see that supplying on-line entree to their OPAC catalogue is sufficient. An of import advantage to digital transition is increased handiness to users. They besides increase handiness to persons who may non be traditional frequenters of a library. due to geographic location or organisational association. No physical boundary. The user of a digital library need non to travel to the library physically ; people from all over the universe can derive entree to the same information. every bit long as an Internet connexion is available. Round the clock handiness A major advantage of digital libraries is that people can derive entree 24/7 to the information. Multiple entree. The same resources can be used at the same time by a figure of establishments and frequenters. This may non be the instance for copyrighted stuff: a library may hold a licence for â€Å"lending out† merely one transcript at a clip ; this is achieved with a system of digital rights direction where a resource can go unaccessible after termination of the loaning period or after the loaner chooses to do it unaccessible ( tantamount to returning the 3 Digital library resource ) . Information retrieval. The user is able to utilize any search term ( word. phrase. rubric. name. topic ) to seek the full aggregation. Digital libraries can supply really user-friendly interfaces. giving clickable entree to its resources. Preservation and preservation. Digitization is non a long-run saving solution for physical aggregations. but does win in supplying entree transcripts for stuffs that would otherwise autumn to debasement from repeated usage. Digitized aggregations and born-digital objects pose many saving and preservation concerns that analog stuffs do non. Please see the undermentioned â€Å"Problems† subdivision of this page for illustrations. Space. Whereas traditional libraries are limited by storage infinite. digital libraries have the possible to hive away much more information. merely because digital information requires really small physical infinite to incorporate them and media storage engineerings are more low-cost than of all time before. Added value. Certain features of objects. chiefly the quality of images. may be improved. Digitization can heighten discernability and take seeable defects such as discolorations and stain. [ 19 ] Easily accessible. Challenges Digital saving. Digital saving aims to guarantee that digital media and information systems are still explainable into the indefinite hereafter. Each necessary constituent of this must be migrated. preserved or emulated. [ 20 ] Typically lower degrees of systems ( floppy discs for illustration ) are emulated. bit-streams ( the existent files stored in the discs ) are preserved and runing systems are emulated as a practical machine. Merely where the significance and content of digital media and information systems are good understood is migration possible. as is the instance for office paperss. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] However. at least one organisation. the WiderNet Project. has created an offline digital library. the eGranary. by reproducing stuffs on a 4 TB difficult thrust. Alternatively of a bit-stream environment. the digital library contains a constitutional placeholder waiter and hunt engine so the digital stuffs can be accessed utilizing an Internet browser. Besides. the stuffs are non preserved for the hereafter. The eGranary is intended for usage in topographic points or state of affairss where Internet connectivity is really slow. non-existent. undependable. unsuitable or excessively expensive. Copyright and licencing Digital libraries are hampered by right of first publication jurisprudence because. unlike with traditional printed plants. the Torahs of digital right of first publication are still being formed. The republication of stuff on the web by libraries may necessitate permission from rights holders. and there is a struggle of involvement between libraries and the publishing houses who may wish to make on-line versions of their acquired content for commercial intents. In 2010. it was estimated that 23 per centum of books in being were created before 1923 and therefore out of right of first publication. Of those printed after this day of the month. merely five per centum were still in print as of 2010. Therefore. about 72 per centum of books were non available to the populace. [ 23 ] There is a dilution of duty that occurs as a consequence of the distributed nature of digital resources. Complex rational belongings affairs may go involved since digital stuff is non ever owned by a library. [ 24 ] The content is. in many instances. public sphere or spontaneous content merely. Some digital libraries. such as Project Gutenberg. work to digitise out-of-copyright plants and do them freely available to the populace. An estimation of the figure of distinguishable books still existent in library catalogues from 2000 BC to 1960. has been made. [ 25 ] The Fair Use Provisions ( 17 USC  § 107 ) under the Copyright Act of 1976 provide specific guidelines under which fortunes libraries are allowed to copy digital resources. Four factors that constitute just usage are â€Å"Purpose of the usage. Nature of the work. Amount or substantialness used and Market impact. â€Å" [ 26 ] 4 Digital library Some digital libraries get a licence to impart their resources. This may affect the limitation of imparting out merely one transcript at a clip for each licence. and using a system of digital rights direction for this intent ( see besides above ) . The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 was an act created in the United States to try to cover with the debut of digital plants. This Act incorporates two pacts from the twelvemonth 1996. It criminalizes the effort to circumvent steps which limit entree to copyrighted stuffs. It besides criminalizes the act of trying to besiege entree control. [ 27 ] This act provides an freedom for non-profit-making libraries and archives which allows up to three transcripts to be made. one of which may be digital. This may non be made public or distributed on the web. nevertheless. Further. it allows libraries and archives to copy a work if its format becomes disused. [ 28 ] Copyright issues persist. As such. proposals have been put frontward proposing that digital libraries be exempt from copyright jurisprudence. Although this would be really good to the populace. it may hold a negative economic consequence and writers may be less inclined to make new plants. [ 29 ] Another issue that complicates affairs is the desire of some publication houses to curtail the usage of digit stuffs such as e-books purchased by libraries. Whereas with printed books. the library owns the book until it can no longer be circulated. publishing houses want to restrict the figure of times an e-book can be checked out before the library would necessitate to buy back that book. â€Å" [ HarperCollins ] began licencing usage of each e-book transcript for a upper limit of 26 loans. This affects merely the most popular rubrics and has no practical consequence on others. After the bound is reached. the library can buy back entree rights at a lower cost than the original monetary value. † [ 30 ] While from a publication position. this sounds like a good balance of library loaning and protecting themselves from a feared lessening in book gross revenues. libraries are non set up to supervise their aggregations as such. They acknowledge the increased demand of digital stuffs available to frequenters and the desire of a digital library to go expanded to include best Sellerss. but publisher licensing may impede the process†¦ Metadata creative activity In traditional libraries. the ability to happen plants of involvement is straight related to how good they were cataloged. While cataloging electronic plants digitized from a library’s bing retention may be every bit simple as copying or traveling a record from the print to the electronic signifier. complex and born-digital plants require well more attempt. To manage the turning volume of electronic publications. new tools and engineerings have to be designed to let effectual automated semantic categorization and seeking. While full text hunt can be used for some points. there are many common catalog hunts which can non be performed utilizing full text. including: happening texts which are interlingual renditions of other texts. associating texts published under anonym to the existent writers ( Samuel Clemens and Mark Twain. for illustration ) distinguishing non-fiction from lampoon ( The Onion from The New York Times. for illustration ) . References [ 1 ] Greenstein. Daniel I. . Thorin. Suzanne Elizabeth. The Digital Library: A Biography ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. clir. org/ PUBS/ reports/ pub109/ pub109. pdf ) . Digital Library Federation ( 2002 ) ISBN 1-933645-18-0. Accessed June 25. 2007. [ 2 ] hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. delos. info [ 3 ] hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. dlorg. eu [ 4 ] L. Candela. G. Athanasopoulos. D. Castelli. K. El Raheb. P. Innocenti. Y. Ioannidis. A. Katifori. A. Nika. G. Vullo. S. Ross: The Digital Library Reference Model. April 2011 ( PDF ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / bscw. research-infrastructures. eu/ pub/ bscw. cgi/ d222816/ D3. 2b Digital Library Reference Model. pdf ) ) [ 5 ] L. Candela et Al. : The DELOS Digital Library Reference Model – Foundations for Digital Libraries. Version 0. 98. February 2008 ( PDF ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. delos. info/ files/ pdf/ ReferenceModel/ DELOS_DLReferenceModel_0. 98. pdf ) ) [ 6 ] L. Candela. G. Athanasopoulos. D. Castelli. K. El Raheb. P. Innocenti. Y. Ioannidis. A. Katifori. A. Nika. G. Vullo. S. Ross: The Digital Library Reference Model. April 2011. 17. ( PDF ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / bscw. research-infrastructures. eu/ pub/ bscw. cgi/ d222816/ D3. 2b Digital Library Reference Model. pdf ) ) 5 Digital library [ 7 ] Kahn. R. E. . A ; Cerf. V. G. ( 1988 ) . The Digital Library Project Volume I: The World of Knowbots. ( DRAFT ) : An Open Architecture For a Digital Library System and a Plan For Its Development ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / high-density lipoprotein. grip. net/ 4263537/ 2091 ) . Reston. Virginia: Corporation for National Research Initiatives. [ 8 ] Edward A. Fox. The Digital Libraries Initiative – Update and Discussion. ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. asis. org/ Bulletin/ Oct-99/ fox. hypertext markup language ) . Bulletin of the America Society of Information Science. Vol. 26. No 1. October/November 1999. [ 9 ] Candela. L. ; Castelli. D. A ; Pagano. History. Development and Impact of Digital Libraries ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. igi-global. com/ viewtitle. aspx? titleid=47467 A ; sender=4dcefe4d-ef33-4836-8eea-f02af2cc374d ) . In P. Iglezakis. I. ; Synodinou. T. A ; Kapidakis. S. ( ed. ) E-Publishing and Digital Libraries: Legal and Organizational Issues. IGI Global. 2011. 1- 30 [ 10 ] Yi. Esther. Inside the Quest to Put the World’s Libraries Online ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. theatlantic. com/ entertainment/ archive/ 2012/ 07/ inside-the-quest-to-put-the-worlds-libraries-online/ 259967/ ) . The Atlantic. July 26. 2012. [ 11 ] Akst. D. ( 2003 ) . The Digital Library: Its Future Has Arrived. Carnegie Reporter. 2 ( 3 ) . 4-8. [ 12 ] Koehler. AEC. Some Ideas on the Meaning of Open Access for University Library Technical Services Serials Review Vol. 32. 1. 2006. p. 17 [ 13 ] Agosti. M. . Candela. L. . Castelli. D. . Ferro. N. . Ioannidis. Y. . Koutrika. G. . Meghini. C. . Pagano. P. . Ross. S. . Schek. H. -J. . A ; Schuldt. H. ( 2006 ) . A Reference Model for DLMSs Interim Report. In L. Candela. A ; D. Castelli ( Eds. ) . Deliverable D1. 4. 2 – Reference Model for Digital Library Management Systems [ Draft 1 ] . DELOS. A Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries - IST-2002-2. 3. 1. 12. Technology-enhanced Learning and Access to Cultural Heritage. Online at: hypertext transfer protocol: / / 146. 48. 87. 122:8003/ OLP/ Repository/ 1. 0/ Disseminate/ delos/ 2006_WP1_D142/ content/ pdf? version=1 [ 14 ] Goncalves. M. A. . Fox. E. A. . Watson. L. T. . A ; Kipp. N. A. ( 2004 ) . Streams. Structures. Spaces. Scenarios. Societies ( 5S ) : A Formal Model for Digital Libraries. ACM Transactions on Information Systems ( TOIS ) . 22 ( 2 ) . 270-312. [ 15 ] â€Å"The DSpace squad recognized the value of the OAIS model and recast the repository’s architecture to suit this archival framework† [ 16 ] Committee on Institutional Cooperation: Partnership announced between CIC and Google ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. cic. uiuc. edu/ programs/ CenterForLibraryInitiatives/ Archive/ PressRelease/ LibraryDigitization/ index. shtml ) . 6 June 2007. Retrieved 7. [ 17 ] hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. Google. com/ googlebooks/ library. hypertext markup language [ 18 ] European Commission steps up attempts to set Europe’s memory ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / Europa. eu/ rapid/ pressReleasesAction. make? reference=IP/ 06/ 253 A ; type=HTML A ; aged=0 A ; language=EN A ; guiLanguage=en ) on the Web via a â€Å"European Digital Library† Europa imperativeness release. 2 March 2006 [ 19 ] Gertz. Janet. â€Å"Selection for Preservation in the Digital Age. † Library Resources A ; Technical Services. 44 ( 2 ) ( 2000 ) :97-104. [ 20 ] Cain. Mark. â€Å"Managing Technology: Bing a Library of Record in a Digital Age† . Journal of Academic Librarianship 29:6 ( 2003 ) . [ 21 ] Breeding. Marshall. â€Å"Preserving Digital Information. † . Information Today 19:5 ( 2002 ) . [ 22 ] Teper. Thomas H. â€Å"Where Next? Long-run Considerations for Digital Initiatives. † Kentucky Libraries 65 ( 2 ) ( 2001 ) :12-18. [ 23 ] Van Le. Christopher. â€Å"Opening the Doors to Digital Libraries: A Proposal to Exempt Digital Libraries From the Copyright Act. † Case Western Reserve Journal of Law. Technology A ; The Internet. 1. 2 ( Spring 2010 ) . 135. [ 24 ] Pymm. Bob. â€Å"Building Collections for All Time: The Issue of Significance. † Australian Academic A ; Research Libraries. 37 ( 1 ) ( 2006 ) :61-73. [ 25 ] Antique Books ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. antiquebooks. net/ datatop. hypertext markup language ) [ 26 ] Hirtle. Peter B. . â€Å"Digital Preservation and Copyright. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / fairuse. Stanford. edu/ commentary_and_analysis/ 2003_11_hirtle. hypertext markup language ) Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved October 24. 2011. [ 27 ] United States Copyright Office. â€Å"The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 – U. S. Copyright Office Summary† ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. right of first publication. gov/ legislation/ dmca. pdf ) 1998. 2. [ 28 ] United States Copyright Office. â€Å"The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 – U. S. Copyright Office Summary† ( hypertext transfer protocol: / / World Wide Web. right of first publication. gov/ legislation/ dmca. pdf ) 1998. 15. [ 29 ] Van Le. Christopher. â€Å"Opening the Doors to Digital Libraries: A Proposal to Exempt Digital Libraries From the Copyright Act. † Case Western Reserve Journal of Law. Technology A ; The Internet. 1. 2 ( Spring 2010 ) . 145. [ 30 ] STROSS. RANDALL. â€Å"For Libraries and Publishers. an E-Book Tug of War – NYTimes. com. † The New York Times – Breaking News. World News A ; Multimedia. N. p. . n. d. Web. 6 Mar. 2013. 6 Digital library External links CNRI-DARPA: D-Lib Magazine ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dlib. org/ ) Electronic publication that chiefly focuses on digital library research and development hypertext transfer protocol: //www. librittio. com – World’s Most Advanced Professional Digital Library System / Democratization of Literature: The Rise of the Digital Libraries on the Internet ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. reflectionedu. com/ attachments/File/Barnolipi/EngT_8_11. pdf ) by Tarun Tapas Mukherjee ] . From BARNOLIPI: An Interdisciplinary Journal. Volume I. Issue II. 2011. [ hypertext transfer protocol: //fbc. pionier. cyberspace. pl/ Search Engine of Free Resources. available online in Polish Digital Libraries ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. barnolipi. com/ ) Conferences TPDL ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tpdl. eu/ ) – International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries ECDL ( hypertext transfer protocol: //ecdlconference. isti. cnr. it/ ) – European Conference on Digital Libraries ICADL ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. icadl. org/ ) – International Conference on Asiatic Digital Libraries JCDL ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. jcdl. org/ ) – ACM and IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries ICSD ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. icsd-conference. org/ ) – International Conference for Digital Libraries and the Semantic Web 7 Article Sources and Contributors Article Sources and Contributors Digital library Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? oldid=570781509 Subscribers: - April. 24fan24. 2A00:1620: C0:50: C8B0:1C9B:27C1:7990. A. B. . Aap3030. Aarontay. Abdullah Albluchi. Acc60. Adoniscik. Afl2784. Aladin p. Alain Caraco. Alaniaris. Alexius08. Alf7e. Andrejj. Andy Dingley. Andyjsmith. Aragor. Arctic Kangaroo. Artdhtml. Ashenfelder. Ata. Ata. rehman. Azpayel. BadBull. Badan bartender. Baileycw. Beetstra. BlindWanderer. Bob103051. Bomzhik. Bonadea. Bujar. Buridan. CVCE. Candela. Catfoo. Cej10. Ceyockey. Charivari. Chhotu372. Choukimath. Coldmachine. CommonsDelinker. Conversion book. Creationlaw. Curious1i. CutOffTies. Cwconservation. DGG. DaGizza. DabMachine. Dalf. Danny lost. Dawnseeker2000. DebbieWiLS. Deborah-jl. Denverjeffrey. Diglibs. Disavian. Djstasiewski. Dlkwiki. Dthomsen8. Dylan furnas. Eanc. Eilthireach. Enduser. Epbr123. Erianna. Evil saltine. Fatalityonline. Feedmecereal. Femto. Filterking. Floating ruddy. Fmccown. Gaius Cornelius. Galka. Gareth Owen. Gego. Gouwepv. Greenrd. Greenteablues. Grika. Harris7. Hhanke. Hiogui. Hollymorganelli. Hu12. Ilsessay. Ipigott. Irbisgreif. Irishguy. Ithinkhelikesit. Ixfd64. JLaTondre. JakobVoss. Jaqian. Jchang12. Jeremykemp. Jewers. Jo 316. John. John Hubbard. Jpbowen. Jpom. Jsweetin. Jua Cha. Jweise. Kanags. Kansoku. Karen Johnson. Kattmamma. Katywatson. Kbel32. Kggy. Killian441. Kinu. Klemen Kocjancic. Ktr101. LadislavNK. Lawandtech. Lawsonstu. LeeNapier. Leonardo. candle. Loonymonkey. Lquilter. Ltfhenry. Lyc. Cooperi. Lysy. MBisanz. MK8. Maristella. agosti. Marselan. Martinlc. Masgatotkaca. Materialscientist. Mboverload. Mcanabalb. Mean as custard. Mets501. Mica Gomes. Michael Hardy. Mike. lifesaver. Missenc. Mmj. Mogh. Morbusgravis. Mordsan. MrOllie. Mseem. Mwisotzky. Mxn. Mairtin. Ncschistory. Nealmcb. NeilN. Neilc. Neo3DGfx. Nigholith. Night eule. Noisy. NorwalkJames. Notinasnaid. Nurg. OSU1980. Oicumayberight. OlEnglish. Olexandr Kravchuk. Olgerd. Omegatron. Pamplemousse. Patrick. PeepP. Phauly. Pinethicket. Pinkadelica. Poindexter Propellerhead. Poor Yorick. Prajapati Reena. Ps07swt. Ptgraham. Puckly. Padraic MacUidhir. Quadell. RJBurkhart3. Racheltaketa. Raghith. Rajankila. Rich Farmbrough. Richard Arthur Norton ( 1958- ) . Rickprelinger. Rlitwin. Robert Thibadeau. Rozek19. Russell Square. SRHMGSLP. Sander Sade. Sandox. Sayeedmd. Senu. Sfiga. Shanes. Shyamal. SimonP. Skomorokh. Skysmith. Smmurphy. Spdegabrielle. Stbalbach. Stephen Burnett. Stephen Gilbert. Stevertigo. Strabon. StradivariusTV. Stuartyeates. Supersion. Svchameli. TWWhiting. TakuyaMurata. Targi. Tentinator. The Anome. The Evil Spartan. TheNewPhobia. Thebt. Thingg. Timeshifter. Tl246. Tlearn. Trapow. Travczyk. Treemonster19. Tregoweth. Trek011. Ttm1974. User A1. Utcursch. Vamshi 12345. Vanprooi. Vector Potential. Vicky877. Victorlamp. Viriditas. Volphy. WJetChao. Wavelength. Wayland. Wikiborg. Wmahan. Wya. YVSREDDY. Yerpo. Yosri. Zack wadghiri. Zundark. Zzuuzz. 302 anon. edits License Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3. 0 //creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/3. 0/ 8.

Word Choice Quick vs. Fast

Word Choice Quick vs. Fast Word Choice: Quick vs. Fast Whooosh! Zooom! Wheee! Today, we have a need for speed, so we’re looking at the words â€Å"quick† and â€Å"fast.† Both terms are related to rapidity, but there is a subtle difference between them that many people overlook. So, join us for a speedy look at how to use these words correctly! Quick (Speedily or in a Short Time) One use of the adjective â€Å"quick† is to refer to something that happens at speed: John was always quick to respond. The emphasis here is brevity of action. We also see this in another use of this term, which is to show that something happens in a short amount of time: I’ll give your essay a quick look before you hand it in. These uses are similar, but the second doesn’t necessarily require speed. You could have a â€Å"quick nap,† for example, which would be short but static (unless you fall asleep on a skateboard at the top of a hill). Seems like a good spot for a â€Å"quick† nap.(Photo: John Chapman/Pyrope) The adverbial form of this word is â€Å"quickly.† â€Å"Quick† and â€Å"quickly† are sometimes used interchangeably, but you should always use â€Å"quick† for nouns and â€Å"quickly† for verbs in formal writing. Fast (At High Speed) â€Å"Fast† is another adjective that refers to something happening at speed: John was always fast to respond. However, it can also be used to describe something that is capable of moving quickly. Or it can indicate that something happens at a high pace: I’ve always loved fast cars. The fast pace of change took some by surprise. The key in these cases is that it about the sustained speed/rate of something, not the time it takes to occur. We say that a car is â€Å"fast,† for example, because this reflects its potential for sustained speed, whereas â€Å"quick† would imply a brief action. An important exception to this is â€Å"fast food,† which is so called because it is made quickly. It does not usually move fast unless you throw it across the room, which is widely considered impolite. If anything, eating it will probably slow you down. In addition, we can use â€Å"fast† as an adverb when describing an action: You always drive too fast. â€Å"Fast† has some other meanings, too, such as â€Å"hard to move† or to abstain from food for a period of time. However, these are much harder to confuse with the word â€Å"quick†! Quick or Fast? These words are often interchangeable when referring to something that happens at speed. But this is not always the case. The key to avoiding errors is therefore considering whether time is relevant. If you’re describing something that happens in a short time, it will be typically be â€Å"quick.† But if it is something that is capable of moving fast or that occurs at a high rate, the correct word will be â€Å"fast.† Quick = Happening at speed or in a short time Fast = Happening at a high speed or rate, or capable of moving at speed

The professional accountant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The professional accountant - Essay Example At present, the company has eight major institutional investors that hold a large share in the company. It is noted that the company follows faithfully the Code of Governance in UK that provides balance representation of executive directors non executive directors in the Board. Non executive Directors are supposed to control and monitor performance of management to protect its shareholders. However, in doing so, conflicts in management arise. My Personal view is presented at end of the topic saying that the Code of Governance should have sanctions or penalties to strengthen compliance. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Section 1. Introduction 4 Corporate governance 4 Institutional investors 5 Section 2. Roles of financial investors in the financial system and in the business 5 Section 3. Major potential conflicts of interest that affect non-executive directors 6 How they are addressed by the corporate governance code. 6 Section 4. Comments on fulfillment of duties of non-executiv e directors 7 Bibliography 8 The Roles of Institutional Investors of ACM Shipping Group, Plc. 1. Background information. ACM Shipping Group Plc is a company incorporated in UK in 1982. Since then, it has grown to be one of the world’s leading international shipbrokers that provide full range of integrated ship brokering services for the global market. It is a publicly listed company and has complied with Rule 26 of AIM Rules. It has a reported profit of ?2.1 million as of half year of 2012. As per report, it pays a steady dividend of 3.15 pence per share ( ACM .Company Profile . 2012). Corporate governance. The company maintains three executives and three non-executive directors; a composition that the company believes is enough to accomplish its missions and objectives. As a company policy, it is imposing a series of Board changes as part of succession planning to ensure that the future of the management remains forceful. For example, in 2012, a movement and change of execut ive positions took place (ACM Financial.2012). The Board is in charge of setting up a strategic direction of the company and the monitoring of its performance against its plan. The Board also reviews and approves company proposals, formulates budget and decides on other major items on the operations of the company. An example of major policy decision is: In 2012 interim report, the Board said it continues to expand its brokerage business in new areas like Dubai and to continue with its present strategies of sale and purchase of assets. An important duty of the board is to maintain good relations with shareholders. This is done thru annual meetings where questions are discussed. Website information is also maintained as a way of establishing Communication to its shareholders. Institutional investors As defined, institutional investors are non-bank organization that pool large sums of money and invest them in securities, real property, or investment assets. (Investopedia n.d.) As such , they provide large capital to the company and become significant stakeholders. 2. Role of institutional investors in the financial system and in the business. The role of institutional investors in the financial system is to act as specialized investors in behalf of others. For example, ACM, As of December 12, 2012 has 8 institutional investors that hold more than 3% of its share capital. These are GFI Holdings Ltd, 7.3%; William Stanley Middleton, 6.3%; James Christopher Ducher Gundy, 6.3%; Michael Amyas