Friday, September 4, 2020

Cry the Beloved Country Restoration Analysis

Reclamation Through Symbolism Restoration is a delightful thing. Watching something go from nothing to everything is stunning. In the book Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, reclamation is one of the principle topics of the book. I am going to discuss two fundamental models; a citation from a character and the criticalness of a specific character. The principal thing building up the idea of reclamation is the character Napoleon. Napoleon was a reference utilized in the story. He was a demonstrator that went to the city of Ndotsheni to help them ‘get in a good place once more' by showing them how to proficiently farm.However, his recommendation was not actually welcomed. As a character, he is very like Napoleon Bonaparte, a French head. Them two had extremely supportive plans to improve life for everybody, except not every person valued his recommendations. The Napoleon in the story likewise represents beginning the procedure of rebuilding. When Ndotsheni at last acknowled ges his recommendation and starts doing things all the more productively, it's a colossal defining moment for the city. Additionally representing the reclamation procedure is the expressions of another character, Father Vincent. Highlight Article Country School Allen CurnowFear is an excursion, a horrible excursion, however distress is at any rate an arriving†, he says, while ameliorating Stephen Kumalo. At the point when he says this, he likewise alludes to the idea of reclamation, in light of the fact that later in the statement, he references constructing a house, legitimately saying that you can remake what you have lost. I've quite recently given two models on how various sorts of material in a similar book can mean nearly precisely the same thing. Watching rebuilding is as yet exciting for me, regardless of whether it be, all things considered, or in an anecdotal town.

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

The Effect Of Obestatin Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The current review was intended to gauge the impacts of incessant intra peritoneal removal of obestatin on plasma testosterone focuses and cell morphometry of the gonads in male Sprague Dawly rodents. Treatment bunches were infused with obestatin ( 1nmol/100  µl saline i.p ) while the benchmark groups got saline ( 100  µl I. We will compose a custom article test on The Effect Of Obestatin Health And Social Care Essay or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now p ) for 10 consecutive yearss. Blood tests were gathered at various clasp spans during and after the portion removal. Testiss were expelled in the wake of slaughtering the rats on yearss 5 and 15 after the last infusion. Plasma testosterone focuses were discovered altogether high ( p A ; lt ; 0.05 ) in the obestatin regarded bunches when contrasted with the benchmark groups. Testicular histomorphometry uncovered that obestatin mediation caused a significant expansion in the essential spermatocytes ( P A ; lt ; 0.0001 ) , optional spermatocytes and spermatids ( P A ; lt ; 0.005 ) and Leydig cells populace ( p A ; lt ; 0.0001 ) both after five and 15 yearss. These discoveries show that obestatin essentially multiply extraordinary testicular cell types and elevate testosterone secernment in male Sprague Dawley rodents during peri-pubertal period of improvement. Grouped peptide endocrines are emitted from the digestive system and enter dissemination that directs supplement utilization, vitality balance and stomachic motility [ Tache et Al. 2004 ; Young et Al. 2005 ; Baynes et Al. 2006 ; Cummings et Al. 2007 ] . The oxyntic mucous film cells emit two peptide endocrines, ghrelin and obestatin which are considered as useful enemies of one another. Ghrelin expansion supplement admission while obestatin chop down supplement utilization [ Zhang et Al. 2005: Gualillo et Al. 2006 ] . G-protein coupled receptor GHS-R1a is considered as ghrelin receptor [ McKee et Al. 1997 ] . Another G-protein coupled receptor GPR39 which has a place with the ghrelin receptor family unit and is considered as receptor of obestatin [ Zhang et al. , 2005 ] . In gnawers, obestatin look was accounted for in grouped tissues including stomachic mucous layer, myentric rete perinatal pancreas each piece great as in the Leydig cells of the gonad [ Chanonie et Al. 2006 ; Dun et Al. 2006 ; Zhang et Al. 2005 ] . It was accounted for that obestatin can non experience blood encephalon obstruction, all things considered its look has been accounted for in the encephalon. It was in this way hypothesized obestatin may make the encephalon through the normal qualification [ Pan et Al. 2006 ; Jackson et Al. 2006 ] . Information sing the commitment of obestatin in the generative maps is as yet missing all things considered in an ongoing review it was discovered that obestatin may be associated with the law of ovarian granulose cells maps. It was accounted for that obestatin altogether increment Lipo-Lutin secernment and welcome on customized cell passing in socialized porcine ovarian granulose cells [ Meszarosova et Al. 2007 ] . Commitment of ghrelin in the mandate of generative maps has other than been accounted for. It was discovered that mediation with ghrelin for 10 consecutive yearss brought about the concealment of proliferative phase of various testicular cells during peri-pubertal stage. In the back globule of these discoveries the current study was intended to investigate the interminable outcome of obestatin on testosterone creation and testicular cell multiplication in male Sprauge Dawley rodents. Diverse cell includes are introduced in table 1. In the obestatin rewarded energize creatures the normal figure of spermatogonia was high when contrasted with the control quicken creatures, however this expansion was non measurably significant. In any case, the normal figure of essential spermatocytes were altogether high at various exploratory yearss in the obestatin regarded quicken creatures when contrasted with the control vivify creatures ( P A ; lt ; 0.0001 ) . The normal figure of auxiliary spermatocytes were other than fundamentally high in the obestatin rewarded invigorate creatures on both 5 and 15 twenty-four hours ( P A ; lt ; 0.005 ) . Normal figure of unit of ammo and expanded spermatids these days in the seminiferous tubule were essentially ( P A ; lt ; 0.005 ) high in both mediation bunches analyzed on various exploratory yearss when contrasted with coordinating benchmark groups. Essentially the normal figure of leydig cells were fundamentally ( p A ; lt ; 0.0001 ) hi gh in regarded bunches when contrasted with order gatherings yet the figure of Sertoli cells present in the seminiferous tubule was non altogether high in the regarded bunches when contrasted with the benchmark groups on various trial yearss ( figure 2 and 3 ) . Mean ±SEM testicular adventitia albuginea thickness, seminiferous tubule epithelial stature and seminiferous tubule measurement of control and obestatin rewarded bunches on various exploratory yearss are introduced in table 2. There was discovered no significant contrast in testicular adventitia albuginea thickness, seminiferous tubule epithelial stature and seminiferous tubule measurement of regarded bunches when contrasted with the benchmark groups. Mean ±SEM nuclear distance across of spermatogonia, essential spermatocyte, auxiliary spermatocyte, sertoli cells and leydig cells of control and obestatin rewarded bunches on various trial yearss are introduced in table 3. No significant adjustment in mean ±SEM spermatogonial, essential spermatocyte, auxiliary spermatocyte, sertoli cells and leydig cells nuclear breadth was seen in regarded bunches when contrasted with the benchmark groups, both at twenty-four hours five and twenty-four hours 15 ( figure 2 ) . The gonad is an unpredictable hormone organ where distinctive cell types transaction to ensure male birthrate, heavily influenced by an overplus of hormone, paracrine and autocrine regulative signs [ Saez 1994 ] . In late mature ages, it has become obvious that various components with cardinal capacities in the developing hub ( for example GHRH and IGF-I ) and natural structure weight homeostasis ( for example leptin ) are possibly engaged with the law of testicular guide [ Ciampani et Al. 1992 ; Baker et Al. 1996 ; Tena-Sempere et Al. 1999 ; Tena-Sempere et Al. 2001 ] . The current study was structured so as to quantify the impacts of 10 twenty-four hours constant i.p removal of obestatin on testicular morphology and androgen union in peri-pubertal male rodents. In the review 45-days-old male rodents were apportioned for the examination since this age is considered as should be expected planning of adolescence occurring in the male rodents [ Ojeda and Urbanski, 1994 ] . Imbuements ( i.p ) of obestatin for 10 yearss was begun when the rodents were 45 yearss old and were analyzed on twenty-four hours fifth ( 60-days-old ) and fifteenth ( 70-days-old ) twenty-four hours after intercession. The main sperm cell is regularly found in the lms of seminiferous tubules at 45th twenty-four hours old enough [ Clermont et Al. 1957 ] and develop sperm cell is found in vessel deferens 13 to 14 yearss hence at the period of around 60 yearss [ Clegj et Al. 1960 ] . The expansion pace of the testicular cells is higher in this impossible to miss cut, so for this groun d the current investigation was directed on this phase of improvement in male rodent. In the current study, incessant concentrate of obestatin during the pubertal stage, fundamentally expanded testosterone degree in enormous male rodents, and that raised testosterone degree may straight elevate the spermatogenesis each piece right on time as saw in main part of the seminiferous tubule in the regarded invigorate creatures when contrasted with the control vivify creatures. Obestatin mediation other than caused articulated expansion in figure of arranged testicular cells in the seminiferous tubules. This assurance shows that obestatin has a stimulatory work in the change of cell multiplication during the peri-pubertal period in male rodents. This assurance other than recommends a potential restricting way of activity of obestatin when contrasted with ghrelin, as it was other than aforesaid detailed that ghrelin is a negative modulator of male generative framework [ Kheradmand et al. 2008 ] . Obestatin intercession for 10 consecutive yearss neglected to do any altogether expansion in the figure of spermatogonia and sertoli cell in the seminiferous tubule of the male rodents what's more has no consequences for seminiferous tubule and epididimal cannular thickness and its distance across. So also no change was seen in the weight and measurement of balls. No data sing result of obestatin on testicular degree has been as yet announced. The current perceptions give grounds to a commitment of obestatin in elevating the testosterone creation from leydig cells. Either this expansion in the testosterone secernment is the immediate outcome of the authoritative of obestatin to its receptor ( GPR 39 ) which is available in gonad [ Yammamoto et Al. 2007 ] or obestatin could either elevate the reactivity of Leydig cells towards pituitary LH. Unmistakably farther surveies are expected to screen out the specific instrument through which obestatin upgrade testicular testosterone amalgamation and the way through which it incite spermatogenesis in male rodents balls. Instructions to refer to The Effect Of Obestatin Health And Social Care Essay, Essay models

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Eternally Yours essays

Forever Yours expositions Dark silliness is a peculiar funniness used to communicate non silly things that occurred in this scattered world, similar to things you could never discover amusing yet in the sense the comic places it in makes you wind up snickering at it. The utilization of it in The War of the Roses is done genuinely well, considering divorce isnt interesting in reality however the way Danny Devito puts it makes it look increasingly entertaining then you would give it acknowledgment for. The style of this wild satire has built up an appalled intrigue and keeps us snickering as the dimness develops around Oliver and Barbara. They met in Nantucket under a group of foreboding shadows likely importance there marriage would wind up the manner in which it began, dull and melancholy. At the point when Oliver turned into a fruitful legal counselor they purchased Barbaras dream house and she got fixated on brightening it. All through the entire film you can see the couple parting separated scene by scene, for example, when Barbara needed to begin her own cooking business and needed no assistance from Oliver and discovers her own character that compromises Olivers authority over their marriage. Another part in the film that demonstrated dark d iversion was when Oliver went to the emergency clinic and was treated for a cardiovascular failure yet wound up being determined to have serve acid reflux, Oliver got frantic at the way that Barbara didnt go to the medical clinic nor did she called to check whether he was alright, that all came about in Barbara compare the sentiment of bliss thinking her significant other wouldnt be getting back home which caused her consider a separation so she to can get that hair-raising inclination once more. In any case, Oliver thought that it was horrifying for her thinking of it Because each time I watch you eat, when I watch you rest, when I take a gander at you of late I simply need to crush your face in And you think she wouldnt do it however she does. There is additionally some incongruity in the film for instance when Oliver got his vehicle for Christmas and said Im more than cheerful, Im ... <!

OCD displayed in the movie as good as it gets essays

OCD showed in the film at least somewhat great This was an exceptionally fascinating film, which indicated a man's battle with the turmoil of OCD. In the start of the film Jack Nicholsons side effects were appeared in a way that reflected OCD side effects precisely. There were numerous side effects toward the turmoil that were appeared all through the video, for example, his schedules of washing his hands and the locking of his entryways. Indeed, even the manner in which he approached his day by day schedules, for example, strolling over walkway splits and carrying his own eating utensils to the eatery. He was an exceptional character. On the off chance that one didn't have a clue about that he had OCD they would consider him to be an abnormal sort of individual with extremely uncommon propensities. For instance, the individuals in the eatery never loved him in view of his treatment of others, the way he mannered himself and his dismissal for other people. What they didnt see was his concealed character, which was a mindful indiv idual; he just didnt like offering his inward magnificence to others on account of the turmoil. At the point when his every day schedules were constrained into transform he began to turn into an alternate individual. The adjustments throughout his life beginning happening when his neighbor Simon was robbed, and he had to acknowledge the duty of dealing with his pooch. He shockingly got connected to the canine, and in the end bridges his negative sentiments toward Simon and became companions with him. His server at the café, Carol, additionally assumed a significant job in his life. At the point when she had to remain at home and deal with her child, it upset his day by day schedule. He even went to her home because of his OCD. With this however it achieved changes that would greatly affect his life. To the detriment of his distributer he recruited an individual specialist to deal with her child so Carol could continue work. From the outset Carol didn't get this and become very baffled. The entirety of the principle characters become interwoven when Melvin (Jack Nicholson) hesitantly a ... <!

Friday, August 21, 2020

Why I want to be a Project Manager free essay sample

At an early age of my life I understood regular must be gotten ready for perhaps as a result of the danger of living during that time or due to the unanticipated possibilities. I generally wake up with an arrangement In my mind and most occasions I work them out. I did things in like manner with so much self-control and straightforwardness. At the point when I got entrance into the University I had the chance to blend with individuals with more extensive personalities. They had the option to see the resourcefulness in my way of life and presented me to Project Management. I was generally astounded to discover the things I did ordinarily could be an inversion and acquire global acknowledgment. I turned out to be so keen on idealizing the demonstrations of Initiation which Is the musings In my mind each morning, Planning, Execution. Observing and Closure. There was no other method to portray my satisfaction when I saw this way to significance. We will compose a custom paper test on Why I need to be a Project Manager or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I further learned it could be applied to development; gigantic tasks in broadcast communications and in certainty everything else. My desire started to develop; I needed to complete effective activities, participate in complex ones, and oversee individuals. I was happy to help each association in my Institution to achieve accomplishment in their gatherings and get-togethers. It occurred to me that venture Management was not, at this point a desire yet a piece of me. From that point onward, I have Joined a great deal of Project Management related gatherings and discussions incorporating Project Management in Depth concentrate on Linked and Green Project Management. I have seen Project Management as a comfort for our present reality, transforming the inconceivable into conceivable outcomes. I have seen a few missteps that happen in venture execution because of inappropriate arranging and absence of correspondence. The world needs an age of individuals with immense possibilities and adaptable capacities to outmaneuver the hardship of improvement. It Is with this revelation that I have chosen to endeavor hard to turn into a Project Manager who will practice his obligations as indicated by the callings code of morals to convey a superior world. A Project Manager has the ability to work in each part of development inside a picked field and duplicate his capacities through collaboration. I plan to turn into a Project Manager with solid Project Management muscles.

Saturday, August 8, 2020

Dean Coatsworth on Charlie Rose COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Dean Coatsworth on Charlie Rose COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Dean of SIPA, John Coatsworth, recently appeared on the Charlie Rose program. The segment is described as the following on the Charlie Rose Web site: A discussion about Latin America with Greg Grandin, Associate Professor of Latin American history at New York University, John Coatsworth, Dean, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, Kevin Casas-Zamora, Former Vice President of Costa Rica and Michael Shifter, Incoming President of Inter-American Dialogue. You can view the full interview by clicking here.

Wednesday, June 24, 2020

The Striking Of A Legal Deal Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Whenever we try to influence another person through an exchange of ideas we are negotiating. Most of us knowingly or unknowingly are involved in one or the other form of negotiation. Examples include: drawing up contracts, fixing your salary for job, purchasing from roadside vendor etc. Even deciding on where to have lunch also uses negotiation process. This is the instance of a business deal going on where the representatives of two different firms are present. Negotiator 1 is the representative of company A and Negotiator 2 is representative of company B. Company A wants to sell a very precious piece of Art and has to pay a bank loan of Rs 5 lacs. Company B wants to buy the art but they have a budget constraint of Rs 5 Lacs above which they cannot pay. For company A itacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s urgent to repay the loan, so they cannot dismiss the deal and for B also the art is of absolute necessity and they must have it. The two negotiators are asked to negotiate as much as they can and come to a deal in 10 minutes. Given is the maximum bargain range is Rs 1 Lacs to Rs 10 Lacs. But after 2 minutes into the game, suddenly the two negotiators get some message from their companies regarding the deal. A informs that due to delay in loan payment there has been a pe nalty of 0.5 lacs and asks its representative to sell the art at not less than Rs 5.5 Lacs. B informs that due to high expense in other operations of the company their budget has reduced by Rs 0.5 Lacs and they cannot pay beyond 4.5 Lacs. The game was played twice between two different sets of people. In the first round all the information were public, so the player knew what are the constraint of the other player and what circumstances have changed. In the second round all information was private, so the player had no clue about other player except the fact that he wants to buy/sell a piece of art. Findings of the study and Generalization: Round 1. (All information Public) Deal Price: Rs 4.9 Lacs In round 1 all the information were given to both the players. This also included the information given in between the game, which was announced to both players. The discussion went ahead very well as the first negotiator started with an offer of 7 Lacs to sell. The second negotiator demanded the art at 4 lacs saying the budget constraint and miscellaneous expenses. Finally after much discussion the deal was struck at 4.9. Round 2 (All information Private) Deal Price: Rs 5.3 Lacs In this case the information only specific to the company one belongs was passed to the players. The net result was that the first player asked for a price of 9 Lacs while player 2 was ready to give only 2 Lacs. It also must be noted that in this case people were very stubborn on their standings and it took a lot of time to reach to a final deal price. And finally the deal was struck at Rs 5.3 lacs. Below are the various findings i n both the cases In round one, players were not very stubborn and they were ready to alter their stand. It was easier to come to a deal in round 1. And also it took lesser time to fix the deal. In round 2 the deal value is a lot biased towards one end. While in round one the deal price is almost the mean price of both players. The initial offer was too high/low in the second round compared to the first. Implications: Round one seems to be a good example of integrative negotiation. In round one because players knew about the constraints of others they were flexible and also the expectations were not very high. This is substantiated with the low initial offers made. Round two seems to be a case of distributive negotiation. This is substantiated by the very high/low initial offers. Also it took a lot of time to come to a deal and each party was trying to achieve the maximum gain without thinking about the other. Generalization: It is clear from the experiment that when each party discloses its constraints and the negotiation starts in a friendly note the outcome is preferable for both parties. Here generally the negotiators are open with their constraints and as a result the final deal is more aligned towards mutual benefit. Here the deal ends in a positive note and it gives a very good chance to build a relationship. Therefore integrative negotiation is always a better form of negotiation and it can be achieved with proper negotiation skills. Implication of Group work: Generally while working in a group a lot of conflicts arise. But there could be circumstances where all members involved in the conflict could have their own justifiable reason. In this case good negotiation skills will ensure that the individual differences are resolved and the team focuses back on the primary work. Also in case of integrative negotiation the team performance rises as there is a sense of caring and mutual understanding in the team. Contribution to OB: The study in this report tries to analyze the various types of negotiation and their implications. It tries to prove that with proper techniques how two parties in the negotiation table can make a better deal for both of them. In the end it also strengthens the belief that Integrative Negotiation being a case of win-win situation should be the essential mode of negotiation. It gives an example as to how a negotiation can be moved towards integrative negotiation with proper sharing of information. Conclusion: Negotiation is a tool of human behaviour, a tool anyone can use effectively. And in our daily life there are hundreds of instances where we knowingly or unknowingly negotiate. Proper negotiation skills will give us the required advantage in real life. Therefore the definitions of negotiation is not only coming to a mutual agreement but coming to a mutual agreement where both party get benefitted with long term relationship.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Stand By Your Ad Disclaimers on Political Ads

If youve watched television or paid attention to your mail in an election year, chances are youve seen or heard one of those political ad disclaimers. They come in many different varieties, but the most common is a straightforward declaration by the candidate who sponsored the ad: I approve this message. So why do candidates for Congress and president say those words, which mostly state the obvious? Theyre required to. Federal campaign finance rules require political candidates and special-interest groups to disclose who paid  for the political advertisement.  So when Barack Obama appeared in a campaign commercial during the 2012 presidential election, he was required to state: Im Barack Obama and I approve this message. The political ad disclaimers have done little to bring transparency to many of the most negative political ads, though — those launched by super PACs and other shadowy special interest who specialize using dark money to influence voters. The rules also dont apply to political ads on social media. Studies have shown the disclaimers have done little to make campaigns more positive because candidates are increasingly brazen, coarse and unafraid to throw mud on their opponents, even if the claims are dubious and unsubstantiated. Origins of Stand By Your Ad Law The law that requires candidates to state I approve this message is commonly referred to as Stand By Your Ad. It is an important component of the  Bipartisan  Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002, a sweeping statutory effort to regulate the financing of federal political campaigns. The first ads to contain the Stand By Your Ad disclaimers appeared in the 2004 congressional and presidential elections. The phrase I approve this message has been in use ever since. The Stand By Your Ad rule was designed to cut down on the number of negative and misleading advertisements by forcing political candidates to own up to the claims they make on television, radio and in print. Lawmakers believed many political candidates would not want to be associated with mudslinging for fear of alienating voters. I will bet this: there will be moments in the studios when the candidates say to the producers of the ads, Ill be damned if Im going to put my face on that, said Democratic Sen. Dick Durbin of Illinois, who was instrumental in getting the provision signed into law. Examples of Political Ad Disclaimers The Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act requires political candidates to use the following statements to comply with the Stand By Your Ad provision: I am [Candidate Name], a candidate for [office sought], and I approved this advertisement. Or:   My name is [Candidate Name]. I am running for [office sought], and I approved this message. The Federal Election Commission also requires television ads to include a view or image of the candidate and a written statement at the end of the communication. Political campaigns have gotten creative about circumventing the regulations, though. Some candidates now go well beyond the standard I approve this message disclaimer to attack their opponents. For example, in the 2006 congressional race between Republican U.S.  Rep. Marilyn Musgrave and Democratic challenger  Angie Paccione,  Paccione used the required disclaimer to go negative on the incumbent: Im Angie Paccione,  and I approve this message because if Marilyn keeps lying about my record, Ill keep telling the truth about hers. In a New Jersey Senate race that year, Republican Tom Kean inferred that his Republican opponent was corrupt by  using  this line to fulfill the disclosure requirement: Im Tom Kean Jr. Together, we can break the back of corruption. Thats why I approved this message. Stand By Your Ad Doesnt Really Work In a 2005 study, the  Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress found that the  Stand By Your Ad rule had no effect on respondents levels of trust in candidates or the ads themselves.   Bradley A. Smith, a professor at  Capital University Law School in Columbus, Ohio, and chairman of the Center for Competitive Politics, wrote in National Affairs that Stand By Your Ad was having negative effects on the political process: The provision has failed miserably to curb negative campaigning. In 2008, for example, researchers at the University of Wisconsin found that more than 60% of Barack Obamas ads, and more than 70% of ads for John McCain — that great crusader for restoring integrity to our politics — were negative. Meanwhile, the required statement takes up almost 10% of every costly 30-second ad — reducing a candidates ability to say anything of substance to voters. Research has also found that Stand By Your Ad has boosted the credibility of attack ads, having the opposite effect intended under the law. Researchers at the University of California-Berkeley’s Haas School of Business found that â€Å"the tagline, far from disincentivizing negativity in advertising, has actually made it surprisingly effective,† according to study co-author Clayton Critcher.

Monday, May 18, 2020

Conquering 13 Common College Freshmen Fears

Its totally normal to be nervous about starting college. Your apprehension is a sign that you are interested in doing well and are gearing up for a challenge—the most fruitful experiences are often the most challenging. Most of your fears will probably fade away after your first few weeks, and if they dont, most schools have plenty of resources for dealing with common first-year worries. Here are 13 common worries that crop up in the minds of college freshmen: 1. I Was Admitted by Accident This is a common concern, but an extremely uncommon occurrence. Rest assured, it is unlikely you were admitted by accident, and if you had been, you would have been informed by now. 2. My Roommate Will Be Awful This is, of course, a possibility, but theres also a good chance youll get along really well with your college roommate or roommates. To give yourself the best chance of having a healthy and successful relationship with your roommates, try to communicate with them before school starts. Once you move in, discuss ground rules for things like sharing food, hosting guests, cleaning, and quiet hours. You might even go so far as to write the rules down in a roommate contract. No matter what happens, do your best to be respectful, and if it doesnt work out, you may have an opportunity to change roommates sophomore year. At the very least, youll probably learn something from the experience. 3. I Wont Make New Friends One important thing to remember is that virtually everyone is new, and almost no one knows anybody else. Take a deep breath and introduce yourself to others at orientation, in your classes, and on your floor. Consider joining social clubs, intramural sports, or a student organization where youre likely to find others who share your interests. 4. Im Not Smart Enough Of course, college will be harder than high school, but that doesnt mean you wont do well. Prepare yourself for a challenging workload, and if you feel youre performing below your expectations, ask for help. Your academic adviser can direct you toward relevant resources, like a tutoring center or a fellow student who can help you study. 5. Ill Be Homesick This is true of many college freshmen, and its completely normal. Even if youre not going away to school, youll probably end up missing the time you used to have to spend with friends, family, and loved ones. The good news is there are lots of ways to maintain relationships with those you care about. Block out time to call your parents, check in with your best friend from high school every few days, or email those you want to stay in touch with about your college experience. 6. Im Worried About Money College is expensive, and this is a legitimate concern. You may have to borrow money to cover your education costs. But learning to manage your money is a life skill that youll need to know. If you havent started learning about budgeting your money, college is the perfect time to start. Understanding the specifics of your financial aid package and getting a good on-campus job are smart ways to start getting the hang of personal finance. 7. I Dont Know How to Juggle All My Commitments Time management is one of the biggest challenges for college students. But the sooner you work on it, the better prepared youll be for handling the demands of a full-time job, family, and social commitments. Experiment with different ways of keeping yourself organized, like making to-do lists, using a calendar, setting goals, and assigning priority levels to your tasks. By learning some important time management skills, you can stay on top of your academics and learn how to handle a demanding schedule while still having fun. 8. Ive Never Been on My Own Before Being on your own, especially for the first time, is hard. But something inside of you knows you are ready or you wouldnt have wanted to go to college in the first place. Sure, youll make mistakes along the way, but youre ready to head off on your own. And if youre struggling, there are plenty of people and support mechanisms on a college campus to help. 9. I Cant Do Basic Tasks Dont know how to cook or do laundry? Trying is a great way to learn. And with the wealth of how-to guides online, you should be able to find plenty of guidance for whatever youre trying to do. Better yet, before leaving for school, have someone teach you how to do laundry. If youre already at school, learn by watching someone else or ask for help. 10. I Might Gain Weight Most incoming students have heard of the dreaded 15 pounds that some incoming first-year students gain when they start school. While the wealth of food options and a busy schedule may make it easier than ever to make unhealthy choices, the opposite is also true: You may have more opportunities than ever to stay active and eat well. Try to plan your meals so youre eating enough whole foods and vegetables, and make it a goal to explore as many recreational activities as you can. Whether its checking out group fitness classes, joining intramural sports, biking to class, or making regular trips to the recreation center, youll have plenty of options for staying healthy and avoiding the freshman 15. 11. Im Intimidated by My Professors In addition to being incredibly smart and, yes, even intimidating at times, college professors often set aside time for connecting with students. Make a note of each professors office hours, and muster up the courage to introduce yourself early on, asking how they prefer their students to ask for help if needed. If your professor has an assistant, you may want to try speaking with him or her first. 12. I Want to Stay Connected to My Faith Even at small schools, you may be able to find an organization that caters to and celebrates your religion. See if your school has an office dedicated to spiritual life or browse the student organization list for such groups. If one doesnt exist, why not create one? 13. I Dont Know What to Do After College This is a common fear for incoming students, but if you embrace the uncertainty, you may learn a lot about yourself. Take a variety of courses in your first year or two, and talk to professors and upperclassmen in subjects youre considering majoring in. While its important to plan out your course load and set goals for earning your degree, dont let the pressure to figure everything out interfere with these valuable years of exploration.

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

The San Francisco Earthquake Of 1906 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1277 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: Earthquake Essay Did you like this example? Its 5:12 AM, April 18, 1906. Extremely loud low pitched rumbling wakes many people up from their sleep. This rumbling sound was caused by the Pacific and American Tectonic plates scraping along each other at the San Andreas fault. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The San Francisco Earthquake Of 1906" essay for you Create order A shock suddenly hits San Francisco, and it shakes the ground for 45 seconds. Another tremblor 8.3 on the Richter Scale 0 hits for another 25 seconds. Chaos reigned the streets of San Francisco. Later,   4.7 square miles would be destroyed, 225,000 people would go homeless, over 3,000 people died, and 28,000 buildings were destroyed(The San Francisco Earthquake and Fire,1). While the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 destroyed thousands of buildings and was one of the greatest tragedies of the United States, it affected the world positively through a social and technological change while tragically destroying a whole city and its economy. Because the San Francisco earthquake affected the city economically by damaging many things to make rebuilding cost a lot, technologically by inspiring new building codes and causing a newly built, better San Francisco, and socially by making much of the population come together and help each other through the people lost almost everything they ha d.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1906, San Francisco was built mostly on fill dirt dumped into the bay, which was extremely unstable. Terrible building codes and wooden buildings caused the fire to spread rapidly and kill many people trapped in buildings. Tectonic plates rubbing against each other caused the San Andreas Fault to rupture for 280 miles. This rupture started 200 miles north of the city and sped along south at the speed of 2 miles per second, and the land at the fault moved as much as twelve feet.   Based on information known about the 1906 earthquake, today, scientists have rated it an intensity of IX on the Mercalli scale, developed by Giuseppe Mercalli in the early 20th century, around the time of the earthquake. On the Richter scale, created by Seismologist Dr. Charles Richter Proposed a scale that measures the earths magnitude, or how much energy something releases, the earthquake was rated at 8.3(Chippendale, 31).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 had a significant impact socially by bringing people to work together. Because of many people becoming homeless and being killed, the population of San Francisco had to work together to improve conditions. Dan Kurzman shows what conditions were like and how people interacted when he says talks about over how 200,000 people became homeless, living in tents, and cooking meals with grass. He explains that the refugees would get food that was provided by relief groups, and these lines for blocks. Everybody shared food, utensils, stoves, pots, pans, and many other essential items(223). Even though the people were in a bad situation, they came together to create a better environment aside from all the devastation. Though the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was helpful in making teamwork happen, still many people lost everything they had. The San Francisco Chronicle reports from a day afterward how badly the earthquake impac ted the people socially when it talks about thousands of people making their way to Golden Gate Park to find refuge from the fire. Many people also went back to the city to salvage what they could from the remains of the city. Lastly, it reports how at least 500 people were dead at the time, and that Confusion Reigned(Earthquake and Fire; San Francisco in Ruins 1). Many people were impacted negatively by the earthquake, being killed and losing everything they had. The San Francisco Earthquake impact the people socially by devastating them, but also by bringing them together to improve conditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 impacted the world technologically by improving building methods. For example, Louise Chipley shows this when she says, A [new] 74-mile long water-main system was redesigned to make it easier to shut off water to earthquake damaged parts of the city(105). The downfall of the city made other earthquakes much safer and influenced other cities. Many new building codes were created after the earthquake to prevent such a disaster from happening. Mitchell Earth Sciences talks generally about this when they state, At the time of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many California municipalities had building codes, but none considered seismic effects. Not surprisingly, the 1906 earthquake sparked discussion of improving earthquake engineering design and incorporating those improvements in regulatory codes. Professional organizations, particularly the Seismological Society of America, which formed in 1906, and later, the Structu ral Engineers Association of California, were persistent advocates of code provisions for earthquake-resistant construction(1). The earthquake helped a lot of people to create new building codes to influence the world and make San Francisco much safer from before. Through these actions after the earthquake, San Francisco influenced many other cities to have much better protection against earthquakes with a great impact technologically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was very significant economically tragically but with lots of help from other cities, countries, and people, San Francisco rose from the ashes to become a greater city than ever before. The earthquake had a huge impact economically on people losing everything they had and having to recover. For example, Sydney Tyler explains this well when she talked about many people, rich or poor, lost almost everything. H.W. Crocker, President of Crocker National Bank lost 7.5 million dollars to the earthquake and its intensity. Also, insurance wouldnt cover peoples losses because they themselves also lost a lot of money(299). The earthquake caused so much devastation that many people lost everything they had which made a lot of chaos and turmoil throughout the city. The rebuilding cost a lot, but many people and organizations supported the rebuilding. For example, Chippendale proves how the government helped a lot of banks, and the city when she states, The U.S. Mint provided a steady source of cash until the banks could recover, and mechanisms for receiving goods were in places(187). Though many people were destroyed, economically, the city of San Francisco came back better than ever.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some may think that instead of this disaster coming out at the end as a triumph, the disaster stayed as a huge tragedy and people back then didnt learn their lesson. This may be true because in some instances, such as filling the bay with fill dirt which is unstable ground that collapses easily made with dirt, and after 1906, rubble, were repeated to make the 1989 earthquake have the same effects as before. This may be true, but there are many more triumphs with people helping each other and rebuilding still many things better, than the tragedies of the economy or some hurried building of the city.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was one of the greatest tragedies of the United States when tragically destroying a whole city and its economy by making rebuilding cost a lot, it affected the world positively socially by making the population come together and technologically through inspiring a newly built better San Francisco. The earthquakes short term impact was killing thousands, making many people homeless, and destroying 504 blocks of San Francisco. Though tragic, these events set up a triumph in the long term impact. Within days, San Francisco was up and running, with new buildings being created and rubble being cleared as quickly as possible. Also new fire training was deployed, and new building codes were created. This all added up to San Francisco back up as one of the greatest cities in the west yet again. These events also lessened the effect of the 1989 earthquake Loma Prieta, though there were still some lessons not learned. Tho ugh the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 was a great tragedy, at the end, however, it resulted in a triumph by improving the city so it would become one of the leading cities of the west.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Crm in Nike Adidas - 945 Words

4. Analyse critically how Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system can play an important role to increase profits for each of the organization. CRM (Customer Relationship Management) is an information industry term for methodologies, software, and usually Internet capabilities that help an enterprise manage customer relationships in an organized way. For example, an enterprise might build a database about its customers that described relationships in sufficient detail so that management, salespeople, people providing service, and perhaps the customer directly could access information, match customer needs with product plans and offerings, remind customers of service requirements, know what other products a customer had†¦show more content†¦Other than that, customer relationship management also helps Bata keep trace with their customer expectations and therefore always make changes on their store design, introduction of trendy designs, and improve the superior service. Moreover, Bata Company is engaged in building trust lies with the customer by implement the customer relationship management. If the customer is s atisfied and loyal to their brand, the company will grow and give good returns to the investors which will further remunerate and motivate their employee. Customer relationship management also help the management level of Bata Company foresee the opportunities in the market growth and a rapidly expanding middle class. For this, they can systematically transform Bata into a completely customer centric organization to serve this new market. Bata uses sales management and customer support in the CRM system to gather data about their customer and used to facilitate customer service transactions by making the information needed to resolve the issue or concern readily available to those dealing with the customers. This results in more satisfied customers, a more profitable business and more resources available to the support staff. Furthermore, CRM systems are a great help to the management in deciding on the future course of the company. (Andrew, 2011). In order for Bata to increase the ir profit they are trying to maximize their customerShow MoreRelatedNike Crm971 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluation of Nike’s CRM programme Nike’s Rationale for implementing CRM programme In nowadays business world, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is an essential for a business strategy for every company. Our chosen company is Nike, one of the largest supplier of sportswear which include shoes and apparel. Implementation of CRM programme is a essential for every successful company. Customer Relationship Management is the core business strategy that integrates internal processes and functionsRead MoreNike Has Achieved Economies Of Scale940 Words   |  4 Pagessubsidies. With such a grand scale of suppliers, Nike has achieved economies of scale. Nike ensures that their suppliers perform at the most competitive levels by implementing a performance measurement system known as the Manufacturing Index (MI). (Appendix) This index monitors quality, cost, delivery time and sustainability, and is frequently monitored each period. Suppliers who fall below a certain threshold – which they call the bronze level – have their contracts nullified. Quality: Nike’sRead MoreNike Marketing Strategy5981 Words   |  24 PagesProfessor Gregory F StiberBy: Brizaida Ribalta, Jessica Halsey and Shereen Hijazi | Nike, Inc. | Marketing Plan Project | Nova Southeastern University H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business amp; Entrepreneurship    Assignment for Course: | MKTP 5005 – Introductory Marketing   Ã‚   | Submitted to: | Gregory F Stiber | Submitted by: | Brizaida Ribalta, Jessica Halsey, Shereen Hijazi. | | | | | | | | | Date of Submission: August 30th, 2012 Title of Assignment: Term ProjectRead MoreAdidas: Information System1430 Words   |  6 PagesINFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ADIDAS UK Case study based on interview with Christopher Caddick IT manager in Trafford Distribution Centre Author: Krzysztof Bazan Submitted 02/03/2010 What is the Adidas? What are the information systems used by the company? What are the systems used for? What is a history of systems implementation within the company and why they were brought in? Are there any further plans for information systems in the Adidas UK and Adidas UK area north. Adidas is a German-based sportsRead MoreSupply Chain Management - Nike Adidas4205 Words   |  17 Pagesshareholder value (Niezen, Weller Deringer, 2007). Nike and Adidas are two global companies try to improve their competitive advantage through strategically managing and utilizing their supply chain. The purpose of this report is to compare and evaluate the supply chain management practices of Nike Adidas. 2. CORPORATE PROFILE 2.1 Nike Corporate Profile Based in Beaverton, Oregon, and employing approximately 29,000 people worldwide, Nike Inc. is the worlds leading designer and marketer ofRead MoreAdidas Case2447 Words   |  10 PagesAdidas Case 1. To evaluate the competitive environment in which adidas launched the â€Å"mi adidas† pilot I will use the five competitive forces model. |Competitive Force |IT Influence on Competitive Force | |Threat of New Entrants |LOW - The main brands in the market (Nike, New Balance, and Adidas) have already | | |launched their respectiveRead MoreAdidas - Crm Technology4667 Words   |  19 Pagesare now the key strategic resource of a business. Strategic partnerships and networks are replacing simple market-based transactions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this claim in the context of various relationships maintained by the adidas ® group. Approach Ââ€" A detailed analysis was carried out to consider how the organisation has adopted a customer-oriented approach as their key strategy for improved business. This includes factors like increased loyalty of the customers, innovationRead MoreUnder Armour Is The Third Biggest Sportswear Brand Of The Us Losing The First Place1958 Words   |  8 Pagesfirst place to Nike. It is a great accomplishment for Under Armour considering the fact that the company was established in 1996. Nevertheless, Under Armour does not have a well-known name so that people will actually consider it to have a real possibility to create a threat to Nike and surpass them at some point. Under Armour faces many competitors besides Nike, like Adidas, Reebok, and Puma. While Under Armour makes exceptional products that are of similar quality, what makes Nike so much strongerRead MoreNike Case Study5183 Words   |  21 PagesNike Case Study The US-based Nike Corporation announced that it had generated profits of $97.4 million, around $48 million below its earlier forecast for the third quarter ended February 28, 2001. The company said that the failure in the supply chain software installation by i2 Technologies3 was the cause of this revenue shortfall. This admission of failure also affected the companys reputation as an innovative user of technology. The supply chain software implementation was the first part ofRead MoreWhat Are the Three Levels at Which a Product Can Be Seen? in Response, Use a Concrete Example of Product.7724 Words   |  31 Pagesal(2006) I shall use the example of the Adidas Sports apparel, a product line which they have used heavy societal marketing to promote. Adidas is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe, and the second largest in the world. The 11% increase in sales in 2011 thanks to their new marketing efforts has meant an income of around 634 million euros. Out of this, they invested about 136 million euros in Marketing. About 1/6th of their income. -Adidas annual report (2011) The strategy

Kinship System in Foraging and Horticultural Free Essays

I have chosen to write about the San Tribe because their ways are very intriguing to me. The San or also known as the â€Å"Bushman†, are located in the Kalahari Desert. These tribes have lived in this area for around four thousand years. We will write a custom essay sample on Kinship System in Foraging and Horticultural or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have a diet of primarily nuts, fruits, melons, and berries. Since their women gather about eighty per-cent of the food for their unit there is more of these fruits and other things than there is meat. Their men gather meat about once or twice a week and accountable for about twenty per-cent of the food which is meat of some kind. San is a group of people who know how to enjoy their lives since only gathering food two or three times a week they spend the rest of their time on leisure activities. These activities could include any of the following, visiting one another or just sleeping. (Lee, 1979) When you do not have to get more and more you can enjoy what you have and not have to over work yourself and it would have to b4e more comfortable for your body with less strain and worry. The San is a Ban society and their livelihood comes from foraging, which is hunting and gathering what they require to survive. These Nomadic tribes of kin people travel over the land year after year to prime locations for known where they gather food and water and not only do they survive they are a thriving community. They travel in small independent communities that break apart and then rejoin other members at different times. They tend to live in the most marginal environment in the world. Their community is a reciprocal unit in the fact that they have an exchange economical system. Among the kinship group, there is a form of giving of services and goods in a mutual agreed upon atmosphere. This is not only among the family unit but also by the completely camp residents and visitors alike share in the quantity of food available equally. The collectors distribute the food in either a raw or a prepared portion and then distributed around to each. You can find a constant flow of nut, berries roots as well as melons around the fireplaces of each resident all given to meet the standard of equality (1969a’p. 58). This foraging system is an immediate return system; they must consume to stop spoilage. Woodburn, 1988) It is also a way to prevent a large amount of produce from remaining in the event of there moving about, as they tend to move constantly. This foraging system works because even as they give without expectation of exchange or immediate return there is an unwritten rules that all has even in the event there is no kill by some of the parties on a certain day. There are some times when hunters can go weeks without a kill and they must rely on the hunters that h ave luck in those times. Even though San men are widely skilled at hunting there can be different level of success but this does not have a status level on it for anyone as far as being accepted. There is a great deal of modesty in the village as the hunters return to camp upon a successful hunt. The hunter coming into camp does not give off an atmosphere of bragging; in fact, it is to the contraire. There are unspoken rules followed by the hunter as well as the others. This keeps one from feeling inferior or superior to another bringing forth feelings of jealousy. This also brings a reinforcement of social ties and helps to be closer knitting together of family units. You could also feel safer in the event a family member is hurt or was to become ill and could not provide their part of the food for a while.. Well I am afraid in comparison to our society there is not a great deal to say is the same as foraging. We here are more likely to let those that will not work go hungry. Of course, we have the welfare system and food pantries that do make it easier for those who do not have to get food. However, we do not work on the general idea of every one being equal those that work harder have more. The more you apply your self the more you have. We also do have leaders that can make us do things whether we want to or not. The seat belt law is an example of this. As far as kinship in our family my children and grandchildren would be considered one that I personally would share anything I have with but not all in our family feels this way. We are in a dog eat dog society and I fear it has rubbed off on most everyone. I believe if you do not work for it, you do not get it and I have tried to teach my family these same rules to live by. However, we do tend to do for our own kin folk first in taking care of them. We look out for our immediate family in providing for them and making sure, they have what they need. I remember as a child we lived in the city and my mothers family (brothers, sisters and some of their children would come and stay with us and we would help them get a job and get started. Dad owned an apartment house so they could stay in one of our apartments and we would feed them until they could do for themselves. Rules followed now are less kinship in our society in this present time. How to cite Kinship System in Foraging and Horticultural, Papers

Anonymous and the Web for Platforms - Politics and Publics

Question: Describe about the Anonymous and the Web for platforms,politics and publics? Answer: Telecom The main objective of the speaker is to track the evolution of the digital technology which happens fast and the main idea revolves around the fact of the value of the personal data which is related to privacy of the lives of many people, trust and defence of the values of the world wide web. These aspects have been shifting their focus and the speaker also focusses on individual and their networks than individuals and their relationships. His speeches travel through the underground universe of online activism with the help of all typesof necessary sense of humour where he talks about all types of online activities, accounts, hacking activities and personal fears and issues. It is composed of competing groups which have short term power which are achievable for smaller durations and long term endurance by any single group or people who are virtually impossible. He talks about the importance of the technical teams which are important and who tend to have and exert power on aspects as they can allow the things to happen and they can make things happen by infighting one network with another and organize various teams working together in different roles and strengths. It also emphasizes on people who search for some resources and make things happen as they have more power in operations in public. Anonymous and the Politics of Leaking. In Beyond WikiLeaks: Implications for the Future of Communications, Journalism Society, Brevini, B., Hintz, A., and McCurdy, P., eds. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013 Carola Frediani is an Italian journalist and co-founder of the media agency, Effecinque.org. She writes on new technology, digital culture and hacking for a variety of Italian publications, including LEspresso, Wired.it, Corriere della Sera, Sky.it. She is the author of Inside Anonymous: A Journey into the World of Cyberactivism.

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Role of IT in Business

Question: Discuss about the Role of IT in Business. Answer: Introduction It can be said that weaving IT and business together was never going to be easy, and it will always remain a problematic issue to sort out. IT, on one hand, is a domain of specialists whereas business is an area exclusively for executives. The systems had always primarily supported the backroom as well as financial functions. Although several organisations have tried to link up IT and business together, the results have been mixed, and it has been making or break scenario for most of the organisations. It is important to understand that technology does not play a pivotal role in this bond rather it depends on how the IT and business executives bind with each other and can implement and execute business and IT strategies which lead the firm towards success (Tack, 2014). Today, although, the scenario has become even more intense regarding IT and business bond as most of the executives are some or the other way dependent on the IT department, and even the business executives have an integral say in most of the IT decisions for a company. (www.modernanalyst.com) Research It cannot be denied that business requires IT, the reason being most of the cash inflows, many supply chains channels for customers, security for information, privacy required for clients for all online purposes, compliances and many other fields are influenced by the IT sector. Hence, the need of IT in businesses cannot be neglected, and it is apt to say that success of failure of it industry can make or break a particular company (Conrad, 2015). It is appropriate to say that most of the IT directors are now a part of the C-suite in an organisation, more than 1/3 of these IT managers report directly to the CEO of the company and are termed as Chief Information Officers instead of IT directors (McClure, 2009). Around 10 percent of total revenue in a company is used for the purpose of technology. The manufacturing and retail organisations have a still lower ratio but on the other hand, both health and finance firms do invest a lot of revenue for IT sector. Some of the necessary costs to keep in mind are the initial cost, upgrade costs, value propositions, opportunity costs and different risks. Now talking about different benefits of IT in business:- It helps the organisations to reach out more potential customers It helps in streamlining the operations, improve efficiency, reduce costs, minimise waste, maximise profit and devote talent for core business purposes For providing better services to the customers It helps the customers to guide the business in a better manner One of the essential components for bridging the gap between IT and Business is to have analytics-driven visibility. It is important for firms to analyse and understand the various impacts of to their very bottom-line. It is essential for looking into major factors of performance such as the end user performance, service cost, resources consumed, the cost of downtime lost revenue, a number of successful/failed transactions for bridging the gap between IT and business. IT sector has brought a lot of new job opportunities for unemployed but deserving candidates; moreover, it has also helped in streamlining various aspects of business on to central cloud systems or a universal hub wherein, the data can be used by any part of the organization bypassing several formalities (Leung, 2010). Everything comes in with a cost and so is the case with IT sector's amalgamation in business fields. With the increasing dependency of operations on it industry, many pundits have started questioning the security of data over cloud servers or various other cyber attacks. Many companies still do not have the cyberinfrastructure for fighting against severe cyber attacks, and this can bring the businesses to a standstill. The other risk is a danger of online fraud which has risen by several folds because some online organisations have turned up and some of them are not registered firms and trap the customers. Moreover, it is important for businesses to realize and evaluate the cost of services and its delivery against the services value which is brought by IT into realms of Business. For this, it is necessary for the analytics department to use certain clear cut service definitions, automated tracking of the used resources by different service and along with that awareness of various cost impacts when certain transactions fail in order to create a good link with business decision points and the underlying technology (Broadbent, 2015). It is really essential for business firms to monitor their IT counterparts reason being websites, nowadays are like business cards for companies. They are the retail and showcase outlet for them. But then what use is a website/shop if it takes too long for entering the shop? That is why, it is important to have a comprehensive and constant monitoring for guaranteeing general availability of website and fast responses time.nwo this can be done with the help of several software and program which can help monitor sites and other IT sectors (Paesllar, 2014). It can be done with the help of software such as PRTG network monitor, for monitoring cloud software such as Microsoft Azure can also be used by firms. Conclusion Now on an end note, it can be said that the report was able to give an insight regarding the impacts of IT on business, talk about the positive effects of IT on the business arena, discuss different requirements such as costs required. Moreover, the paper also analysed the risks related with IT sector and what is the current condition of Business executives and IT professionals in the industry due to this collaboration of IT and business. References Broadbent, M., Kitzis, E. S., Bio, V., Bio, F. (2015). Linking Business And It Strategies Together: Four Factors For Success. Retrieved June 5, 2016, from https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/linking-business-and-it-strategies-together-four-factors-for-success/ Conrad, B. (2016). How do businesses use communication technology to improve their performance?Small Business Chron. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/businesses-use-communication-technology-improve-performance-136.html Leung, E., Systems, D. of I. (2010, September 10).Information technology in business: The big picture. Retrieved June 5, 2016, from https://www.freelock.com/newsletter/information-technology-business-big-picture McClure. (2009).An oracle thought leadership white paper business and IT alignment: An oracle view. Retrieved from https://www.oracle.com/us/solutions/business-intelligence/064025.pdf Tack, S. (2014, June 4).15 ways to bridge the gap between IT and business. Retrieved June 5, 2016, from https://www.apmdigest.com/apm-bridge-gap-between-it-and-business Paesllar, A. (2014). How To: Free Network Monitoring. Retrieved from https://www.paessler.com/howto-free-network-monitoring

Thursday, March 5, 2020

the working class essays

the working class essays Hannah Marks is the apathetic nerd who sees the popular people as the dictators and the nerds as the working class. She steers clear from the social Nazis at J C High, but what happens when Hitler himself starts to take notice? Confusion? Maybe. Controversy? Hell yeah! (Not political) Cliques for Stereotypes and the French Revolution I watched observantly with disgust as they giggled and carried about like a bunch of rowdy schoolgirls discussing the ways in which they'd lost their virginity. Seeing this, one would assume that the Feminist Independence movement had never occurred. They were so absorbed in their delusional world of pom-poms and French nails to notice the mere mortals who were trying to get past them in the hall. Occasionally, like now, they'd snap out of their bubble to gawk shamelessly at some hot specimen and try to seduce him by batting their eyelashes. Not surprisingly, what happens next is the equally self-absorbed dimwit saunters smoothly over to the ditz, thinking he's some suave Casanova, and within a few seconds they're at it against the lockers. What can I say? It 's a Dog-eat-dog world out there, if you'd pardon the pun. However, if one happens to witness this unfortunate sight, one has a tendency to be put off of one's lunch. So the best thing to do is to look away, and pretend it was some nasty nightmare, telling them to never eat KFC again. Those who feared the horror of their wrath must endure the frustration of silent oppression. They were the Hitler's, the Mussolini's and the Stalin's of high school hierarchy. What they say goes because they were intimidating and they had the power. They were the dictators. They were known as the popular people. As lame as it sounds, the popular people that reside at John Cafferty High are spitting images of the over done, overrated and over exaggerated caricatures of their teen flick counterp ...

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

Social Policy and the Social Security System Essay

Social Policy and the Social Security System - Essay Example As addressed by bush in the State of the Union Address in 2005, "One of America's most important institutions - a symbol of the trust between generations- is in need of wise and effective reform. Social Security was a great moral success of the 20th Century, and we must honor its great purpose in this new century. The system, however, on its current path, is headed toward bankruptcy. And so we must join together to strengthen and save Social Security." The threat of bankruptcy that the Social Security System is facing is a source of much concern throughout the United States and is an issue that the past and current administrations have taken very seriously (The Problems Facing, 1). Since its establishment in 1935 with the signing of the Social Security Act by President Roosevelt, the Social Security System has undergone a great number of changes. Originally formatted to provide income to retired workers, the Act was adapted in 1939 to include coverage for the dependents and survivors of deceased workers, greatly increasing the payout to each retiree. In 1956 the system had two major changes, the first being the creation of Disability Insurance and the second being the allowance of early retirement for women at the age of 62 (History of Social Security, 1). The same early retirement was allowed for men by 1961. In 1972 the issue of inflation was addressed with the introduction of Cost of Living Adjustments (COLAs) (History of Social Security, 1). The COLAs had many problems, which were remedied in 1977. Created in 1983 was the National Commission on Social Security Reform. "The commission called for 1) an increase in the self-employment tax; 2) partial taxation of benefits to upper income retirees; 3) expansion of coverage to include federal civilian and nonprofit organization employees; 4) an increase in the retirement age from 65 to 67, to be enacted gradually starting in 2000" (History of Social Security, 1). The Social Security system went through a major change when The Social Security Trustees' Report in 1996 announced starting in 2012 the system would begin running deficits, exhausting the trust funds by 2029. The very next year it was decided by the Social Security Advisory Panel that Social Security's funds would be invested in the private sector. Payroll taxes were drastically affected by this change. (History of Social Security, 2). Social Security is a system initially established in 1935 when the vast majority of women were housewives (The Problems Facing, 1). When the program was established, many factors attributed to the great success of the program. One of the contributing factors was the much lower life expectancy in the United States. In many cases, workers would not live long enough to qualify to receive Social Security. As a result, "there were more than 40 workers to support every one retiree" (the Problems Facing, 1). Those statistics have drastically changed since the establishment of the system. Today, the average life expectancy is 77 years old. In addition, more than 60% of women are currently working. With this change of statistics, the ratio of workers to retiree's has shifted, causing the gradual

Monday, February 3, 2020

My Organization at a Glance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My Organization at a Glance - Research Paper Example The results of the analysis provide an organization’s management team with the basics of maintaining optimum management practices. Strategic management helps the management attain better alignment of corporate policies and strategic priorities (George & Bock, 2011). This discussion is an examination of the McDonald’s corporation organizational analysis, environmental analysis as well strategic issues and recommendations how to build the organization’s competitive advantages. Organizational Analysis McDonald’s is a fast food corporation that operates in the restaurant industry. The corporation is among the oldest fast food outlet in America with a global presence. McDonald’s corporation was established in 1937 by Patrick McDonald in California. Strengths Technology. McDonald’s corporation is technology sensitive. The corporation is at the forefront of modern technology among fast food retailers (Pearson Education, Inc, 2011). For illustration, the corporation has put in place a cellular technology to allow customers to place their orders online. The corporation has also installed Internet access terminals and Wi-Fi to enhance customers to order online and eventually lessen the lag time involved between ordering time and pick up time. Experienced Market Leaders. In terms of global reach and biggest player, McDonald’s is always conquering markets from its competitors. Due to its immense presence, McDonald’s corporation is able to operate at economies of scale (Mohammed, 2009). The corporation sells its products at relatively low prices attracting more customers due to its cost leadership. In addition to being the largest fast food retailer, the corporation is experienced and understands the market fairly well. Strong Brand Name, Image and Reputation. McDonald’s has strong brand equity, and its image is globally renowned. The corporation image is among the top ten most powerful brand names in the globe. This has a positive impact on the corporation’s sales and share price (Mohammed, 2009). The brand equity is valued around $40 million, and this reputation makes McDonald’s a household name. Special Training for the Managerial Staff. McDonald’s corporation has a training program for its managerial and other employees in a bid to reduce turnover rates and enhance quality. The Hamburger University is an in-house program for specifically training McDonald’s managerial staff (Mohammed, 2009). The trained managers help to run the company towards its growth objectives. Positive and Influential CSR. McDonald’s corporation operates Ronald McDonald’s houses that offer accommodation, food, and child support for needy families requiring extensive hospital care. This corporate philanthropy enhances the corporation’s image further. The corporation also has a golden archway logo and Ronald McDonald clown that is globally acknowledgeable (McDonaldâ €™s Corporation, 2012). Weaknesses Unhealthy Food Image. Although McDonald’s corporation is globally renowned, the corporation has several weaknesses. One of the weaknesses that the corporation grapples with is the aspect of unhealthy food image (Pearson Education, Inc, 2011). The verity that McDonald’s offers fast food has resulted in uproar that the foods are responsible for increased obesity rates among children in the United States. High Employee Turnover/Training Costs. McDonald’s corporation also faces high employee turnover rates. The corporation is cited

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Electoral Processes And Governance In The Philippines Politics Essay

Electoral Processes And Governance In The Philippines Politics Essay The first election in the Philippines was held in May 1898 under American rule. 112 years later, there are many parts of the country where elections are characterized with private armies, violence and massive cheating. The failure of the electoral system to conduct fair and clean elections and the massive electoral fraud hinder the purpose of elections to recruit honest and accountable politicians and to integrate society. Also, the legitimacy of the elected government is weak.   Ã‚  Politicians therefore need to garner support from patrons and oligarchs to finance electoral campaigns and to organize voter support. Once elected, they return by giving access to government resources and appointing key allies in the bureaucracy. Among citizens, a widespread view that elected governments coming to power from corrupt electoral procedures does not truly represent their interests. As a result, it is difficult to push for reforms because of weaker government and institutions and stronger v ested interests. History The Philippines was under Spanish rule for more than 300 years. Under this era, the country was ruled by friars and appointed Spanish officials. In 1898, the Philippines declared independence and established the first republic in Asia. In the same year, the Treaty of Paris was signed where control of the Philippines was transferred from Spain to the United States. The Americans introduced democracy, elections and democratic institutions. As a result, the features of the Philippine constitution, legislation, political parties and elections are modeled after the US. Under the US colonial period, Philippine politics was characterized between the interaction of US colonial officers and Filipino politicians. The Americans indirectly control the country by manipulating Filipino politicians to enact American policies. As a result, electoral campaigns did not provide an avenue for public participation. Rather, it was reflective of negotiations between national politicians and provincial elites (Teehankee, 2002). The Philippine commonwealth was established in the 1935 constitution. The constitution provided a presidential form of government with a unicameral National assembly. An amendment in 1940 changed it to a bicameral legislative assembly made of the House of Representatives (lower house) and Senate (upper house). When US colonial rule ended, they left a weak central government and power was fragmented among the provinces with varying degrees. Wealth and power through political connections had overshadowed productivity and programs for national development. Electoral results were not competitive because of the ability of landed elites to control electoral outcomes. Elections for local positions like the lower house allowed landed elites to merge and strengthen their power as showed by their ability to prevent the passage of land reforms (Teehankee, 2002). Elections during the Marcos regime Marcos declared Martial Law in 1972. Elections were suspended in the first 6 years and a new constitution was also established. Marcos changed the Philippine Congress with an Interim National Assembly. An Interim National Legislature (Interim Batasang Pambasa or IBP) was enacted instead because of amendments to the 1971 constitution. An election was held in 1978 to fill positions for the IBP. Marcos dominated the elections with his New Society Movement party (KBL) because opposing groups created parties that focused on regions rather than the national legislature. The Marcos regime managed to give legitimacy to its regime through the conduct of elections. However, there was massive electoral fraud and manipulation of institutions. For example, Marcos allowed block voting system wherein a vote for the party translates to vote for the whole electoral slate. This was a tremendous advantage for the KBL because they had the resources to finance a nationwide electoral campaign. Also, it was easier to tamper ballots and commit fraud. During Marcos term, he tried to centralize power on himself and break the patronage system. He appointed officials not based on merit or patronage but on loyalty to him. He also siphoned the states resources and distributed it to himself and to his cronies. For his critics, he used violence and force. Media companies were closed or under heavy government control. One of his major critics, Benigno Aquino Jr., was assassinated in August 1983. In May 1985, Marcos announced Snap elections to prove or gain political legitimacy. The former elites managed to organize the opposition under Aquinos widow, Corazon Aquino who came from a landed family. The Commission on Elections announced Marcos as the winner in spite of massive cheating. On the other hand, the National Citizens Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) an election watchdog announced Corazon Aquino as the president based on their quick count. Marcos dictatorship ended in 1986 through the People Power Revolution. In addition to the military and political figures, the Church was involved in calling and mobilizing people to participate. Marcos and his family eventually fled to Hawaii and Corazon Aquino was sworn as the 11th President of the Philippines. Elections Post-Marcos During Aquinos term, a new constitution was enacted to return to a bicameral legislature and to limit the power of the presidency. For example, a president cannot run for presidency again. Media and press were free and democratic institutions were restored [Bello, 1988]. However, landed elites returned to power after the fall of Marcos and dominated the lower house. The pre-Marcos patronage system was back again. As a result, the Aquino administration failed to effectively conduct Agrarian reform. Aquino was succeeded by Fidel Ramos, a military general in 1992. Ramos attempted to push for political reforms. After all, he had the strong support of the military. However, it was hard to push for reforms because of a weak party system and stronger congress (Hutchcroft and Rocamora, 2003). The Congress was filled with representatives from the same political families. Only 54 representatives had no close relative in politics compared to 145 belonging to political families. At least 64 were children of political figures, 23 had spouses and 46 had siblings active in politics. At the end of Ramos term, a plan to shift to parliamentary system was exposed by the media. These changes would have allowed Ramos to extend his term after 1998. It was heavily opposed by the Catholic Church and former President Aquino for fear that the term extension would be used to serve political agendas (Rocamora, 1988). Estradas Rise and Fall Estrada was sworn into office in 1998 amidst the Asian Financial Crisis. Unlike previous presidents, Estrada was a movie actor so he was popular among the masses who were tired of traditional politicians. His electoral campaign focused on the poor and the aversion of the masses against typical politicians provided victory to Estrada rather than depending on local elites for voter support. However, Estradas promised populist policies and anti-poverty programs never took place (Fabella, 2007). Instead, the benefits were given to Estradas families and cronies. The fall of Estrada started with his involvement in Jueteng, an illegal gambling game popular among the poor. To sustain operation, protection money is paid among protectors who are usually in the local government or in the police. Estrada tried to legalize Jueteng through the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation, a government agency that oversees legal gambling activities. If legalized, the protection money will be central ized to the government and franchise holders. Local operators and receivers of Jueteng money will be out of the picture. Luis Chavit Singson, a governor and rumored Jueteng operator could not accept such outcome because the franchise for his area was not given to him. Chavit exposed Estradas involvement to Jueteng which led to an impeachment case. Public uproar started when the senate which was dominated by Estradas allies refused to open the second envelope which was thought to contain strong evidence against Estrada. People went to the streets again and People Power II occurred which led to the downfall of Estrada.   Arroyo Administration Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (GMA) took over the presidency after Estradas downfall. While finishing Estradas term, she experienced the Oakwood Mutiny and Jose Pidal scandal where a bank account containing US$8 million was allegedly owned by her husband. The money was supposedly a payment to then senator Arroyo to prevent her from running for presidency in the 1998 elections. Ignacio Iggy Arroyo, the brother of Arroyos husband announced his ownership of the controversial bank account. He faced tax evasion charges which were eventually ruled out due to legal technicalities. The scandal died and was later elected as congressman. After finishing Estradas term, Arroyo ran for presidency in spite of her prior announcement that she would not. She won by a slow margin of 1 million votes against Fernando Poe Jr., a movie actor and presidential candidate of the opposition. Arroyo was accused of electoral fraud and Poe filed an electoral protest. The congress mooted the electoral protest because of Poes death. However, it heavily weakened Arroyos legitimacy because she used state resources to fund her electoral campaign. Another strong attack against Arroyos presidency came from leaked tapes of her talking to Comelec Commissioner Virgilio Garcilliano which the media named as Hello Garciscandal. The leaked tape featured a womans voice similar to Arroyo asking for one million votes and an assurance of victory. In the beginning, the Malacanang palace denied the issue but was later retracted. Arroyo admitted and apologized in front of national television. She insisted that there was no cheating and she just wanted to protect her votes. Arroyo successfully finished her term in 2010 but not without challenges and controversies. She ran for lower congress in 2010 and won. Discussion The weakness of the electoral process could bring problems of legitimacy and weak position of the central government to push for reforms. The fragility of the electoral process could be traced from the failure of state agencies to be independent and enforce the rule of law. The Commission on Elections (Comelec) is an independent constitutional body that manages the elections and is mandated to give life and meaning to the basic principle that sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. Through the years, the commission has been involved in electoral scandals, has failed to strictly enforce electoral laws and has been accused of siding with the administration. In 1986 SNAP Elections, the Comelec announced former President Ferdinand Marcos as president in spite of massive electoral fraud. Another incident was the 2004 Hello Garci controversy under Arroyos term.   In 2006, the Supreme Court nullified the contract for the automation of the canvassing and counting of ballots between the COMELEC and Mega Pacific eSolutions Inc because the law and bidding rules were not followed. In 2007, the then Chairman Benjamin Abalos was involved in the ZTE-National Broadband Network deal where he was said to pocket in millions (US D) if the project was pushed through. The controversy eventually led to his resignation. The Comelec also fall shorts to provide fast and reliable solutions for electoral process because of huge costs and bribery in the courts. The poor track record and lack of credibility of the Comelec prove its inability to enforce the rules which influences the conduct of Philippine politics. The Comelec also failed to ensure a level playing field in the electoral process because of weak law enforcement. Winning became dependent on money, force and violence and not on programs and platforms. The growing costs of campaign expenses deter effective participation. Those who run are rich or have wealthy financiers. This provides an incentive for corruption to recoup the costs of electoral campaign and return favors from supporters. Also, it can result to political dynasties. The current president, Benigno Aquino III and his defeated running mate Sen. Manuel Roxas II both came from influential political families namely the Cojuangco-Aquino and Araneta-Roxas-Fores clans. Their reported campaigns for the 2010 elections cost P440 million and P280 million respectively. Antonio Cojuangco, Aquinos second cousin and a rich businessman, reportedly donated P100 million in his campaign. However, their election finances estimate were very much in doubt and were said to be much higher beca use they used television and radio in their electoral campaign which were very expensive. Former President Gloria Arroyo also came from a political clan and was a daughter of a former president. Her sons were congressmen during her term. In addition to financial support, politicians also seek the endorsement of organizations such as the Makati Business Club, Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) and the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC). The first is sought for their campaign contributions. The CBCP and INC are religious organizations and are believed to command influence on voters. For example, INC is believed to vote as a block and is estimated to deliver 5-8 million votes. In addition to money and endorsements, Philippine elections are filled with election related violence. The latest of which that brought the Philippines to the international arena was the Maguindanao Massacre which killed 57 people. Once elected, the core strength of the president is from his appointing power and control over government funds. The benefits received from supporters during the campaign are paid in return through endowment of huge government contracts and positions in key government agencies. Appointed officials could also appoint their staff. This kind of system results to a far reaching and deep source of patronage. As a result, the government has a weaker capacity to push for reforms because it has to satisfy vested interests. An example would be Estrada. The legalization of Jueteng will bring huge sums of money to the government or to his allies. However, because Chavit was left out of the picture triggered his downfall. Corazon Aquino could have successfully pushed for agrarian reform because of the momentum during her presidency. The law for agrarian reform was passed but has failed to translate into results because it was against the interest of the landed elites in congress. Conclusion The Philippines has a lot to improve in its conduct of elections. Because the electoral process is easily manipulated through money and violence, the politicians elected have most of time always been the same from political clans or landed elites. It also deters participation from new leaders and it does not become representative of the people. The presidents that have passed post-Marcos have cronies, friends or allies to satisfy. As a result, the Philippines have been left behind by her neighbors in the road to Economic growth. A step to improve the electoral process, the Philippines had its first electronic voting system in 2010. Although electoral fraud still exist which critics argue are harder to trace and easier to do, it is still a step forward compared to manual canvassing from the local precinct station to the Congress. There is also a pressing need to improve civil service. This includes putting deserving people in the job because of merit and competency and not connections. This implies that the central government must reduce its appointment of officials and start paying government employees well. It is also important to strengthen the independence of the Judiciary system and the Ombudsman. In the Philippines, the chief magistrates of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president so there is a conflict of interest in times when the president who appointed them is accused. Resolution on electoral disputes should be fast and credible. Lastly, the public should demand more accountability from the Comelec and politicians themselves. In spite of the shortcomings of the electoral process, it is still better to exercise their right to vote.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Basic Device and Security Configuration Essay

When designing a network there are basic network and security configurations that one needs to consider. Choosing a hostname for each device is very important, this allows the user to know what device they are working on. Configuring interfaces with a proper IP, subnet, and descriptions are part of the basic configuration of a network device. One needs to consider the security setting for the network devices. There are some basic configurations that one can choose to use in their configuration. Passwords and a username should be used for consoling and remote access to any network device. Enable passwords and encrypting those password are best practice’s for any engineer. Configuration of a username and password for virtual lines, will help in keeping unwanted persons out of your network device along with, a banner upon logging into a device. Banners are messages that will display a warning to any unauthorized person looking to access the device. Shutting down unused ports in a switch, will keep unwanted clients of the network and people from just plugging a laptop into the port for access. Remote access is something to think about when configuring a device. SSH (Secure Shell) and telnet are two network protocol used to remote access to a device. SSH is a more secure application that uses higher encryptions of data then telnet does. To generate the SSH key the use of crypto key generate rsa is used with a 1024 bit key, creates the most secure key. Remote access is a concern to any engineer and should be taken with the highest priority. Commands Used in Basic Device Configurations CLI commands that are used in a switch and in a router are the same. Most CLIÂ  commands are configured in the global configuration mode. It’s always good practice to start with the command erase startup-config, which resulted in the saved NVRAM configuration to be erased. Setting the appropriate hostname for the device is the command hostname {name}. By naming ones device, this will let the user know what device they are working in. Passwords helped secure the device for the enable mode, consoling into the device, and remote access. To set a password to access the enable mode, one need to use the command enable secret {password}. The configuration of a password for consoling into a device, one needs to be in the line con 0 mode and use the command password, the same command is used for remote access but in the line vty 0-15 mode. When using the enable secrete command, the passwords are displayed in clear text. For more security, service password-encryption is used encrypt the password when a show run command is used to display the running configuration. Enabling SSH version 2 is a better choice than version 1. SSH version 2 has stronger cryptographic integrity check and supports password changing. If one configurators their device to support SSH, then there are several commands that need to be configured. A username {name} password {password} command needs to be assigned. The ip domain name domain {mycompany.com} command is used, followed by crypto key generated rsa command. When the engineer types that command the IOS will prompt one for the number of bits. 512 is the default, however, one can choose a larger number and 1024 bits is recommended. The RSA encryption key is used for authentication and encryption of the SSH data. The transport input telnet ssh command allows telnet and ssh on the virtual lines by being configured in the line vty 0 -15 mode. The interface range {interface}-{interface} command is used to make changes in the interface range. One can use this command to shut down all unused ports in a switch. Lastly, the copy run start command was used to copy the recent running configuration to the startup configuration.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Concept of Present Value

WHY IS THE CONCEPT OF PRESENT VALUE SO IMPORTANT FOR CORPORATE FINANCE? The importance of concept of present value to the world of corporate finance is that present value calculations are widely used in business and economics to provide a means to compare cash flows at different times. Present Value’s definition and simplistic formula used for normal purchases, the concept’s importance to corporate finance and why present value is the very first topic taught in finance classes explain that present value is an essential knowledgeable tool to ensure we make the best decisions with our money. However, first, What Does Present Value – PV Mean? Present value is â€Å"the current worth of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return. Future cash flows are discounted at the discount rate, and the higher the discount rate, the lower the present value of the future cash flows. Determining the appropriate discount rate is the key to properly valuing future cash flows, whether they are earnings or obligations. † Through the definition itself, an importance to corporate finance is explained as well as why professors begin a finance course with a basis explanation in the time value of money – discounting and investment risk included. In more detail, capital investment decisions are long-term corporate finance decisions relating to fixed assets and capital structure. Decisions are made with several criteria to consider, and where corporate management seeks to maximize value in the firm by the correctly calculated net present value when valued using an appropriate discount rate. It would be beneficial on a personal level for the following reasons; â€Å"Learning how to use a financial calculator to make present value calculations can help you decide whether you should accept a cash rebate, 0% financing on the purchase of a car or to pay points on a mortgage. Present value could often the first topic taught in any finance class, due to the fact that knowledge of this formula can be used for basic financial planning that will lead to larger level strategy – making the best company investment decisions. Now, on to the fun stuff that is so anxiously taught in class – the problems and formulas. 2a. $500 i f invested for five years at a 4% interest rate: FV = 500 (1 + . 04)^1) = 500 (1. 04) = $520. 00 FV = 520 (1 + . 04)^2) = 520 (1. 0816) = $540. 80 FV = 540. 80 (1 + . 04)^3) = 540. 80 (1. 124864) = $562. 43 FV = 562. 43(1 + . 04)^4) = 562. 43(1. 169859) = $584. 3 FV = 584. 93(1 + . 04)^5) = 584. 93 (1. 216653) = $608. 33 End of Year12345 Principal$500. 00$520. 00$540. 80$562. 43$584. 93 Interest$20. 00$20. 80$21. 63$22. 50$23. 40 Total$520. 00$540. 80$562. 43$584. 93$608. 33 2b. $150 if invested for three years at a 9% interest rate: FV = 150 (1 + . 09)^1) = 150 (1. 09) = $163. 50 FV = 163. 50(1 + . 09)^2) = 163. 50(1. 1881) = $178. 22 FV = 178. 22 (1 + . 09)^3) = 178. 22 (1. 295029) = $194. 25 End of Year123 Principal$150. 00$163. 50$178. 22 Interest$13. 50$14. 72$16. 04 Total$163. 50$178. 22$194. 25 2c. $9100 if invested for seven years at a 3% interest rate: FV = 9100 (1 + . 03)^1) = 9100 (1. 03) = $9373 FV = 9373 (1 + . 03)^2) = 9373 (1. 0609) = $9654. 19 FV = 9654. 19 (1 + . 03)^3) = 9654. 19 (1. 092727) = $9943. 82 FV = 9943. 82 (1 + . 03)^4) = 9943. 82 (1. 12550881) = $10242. 13 FV = 10242. 13 (1 + . 03)^5) = 10242. 13 (1. 15927407) = $10549. 39 FV = 10549. 39 (1 + . 03)^6) = 10549. 39(1. 1940523) = $10865. 88 FV = 10865. 88(1 + . 03)^7) = 10865. 88 (1. 22987387) = $11191. 85 End of Year1234567 Principal$9,100. 00$9,373. 00$9,654. 19$9,943. 82$10,242. 13$10,549. 39$10,865. 88 Interest$273. 00$281. 19$289. 63$298. 31$307. 26$316. 48$325. 8 Total$9,373. 00$9,654. 19$9,943. 82$10,242. 13$10,549. 39$10,865. 88$11,191. 85 2d. $1000 if invested for ten years at a 0. 5% interest rate: FV = 1000 (1 + . 005)^1) = 1000 (1. 005) = $1005 FV = 1005 (1 + . 005)^2) = 1005 (1. 010025) = $1010. 03 FV = 1010. 03 (1 + . 005)^3) = 1010. 03 (1. 01507513) = $1015. 08 FV = 1015. 08 (1 + . 005)^4) = 1015. 08 (1. 020150501) = $1020. 15 FV = 1020. 15 (1 + . 0 05)^5) = 1020. 15 (1. 02525125) = $1025. 25 FV = 1025. 25 (1 + . 005)^6) = 1025. 25(1. 03037751) = $1030. 38 FV = 1030. 38(1 + . 005)^7) = 1030. 38 (1. 0355294) = $1035. 53 FV = 1035. 53 (1 + . 05)^8) = 1035. 53 (1. 040707) = $1040. 71 FV = 1040. 71 (1 + . 005)^9) = 1040. 71(1. 0459106) = $1045. 91 FV = 1045. 91(1 + . 005)^10) = 1045. 91 (1. 0511401) = $1051. 14 End of Year12345 Principal$1,000. 00$1,005. 00$1,010. 03$1,015. 08$1,020. 15 Interest$5. 00$5. 02$5. 05$5. 08$5. 10 Total$1,005. 00$1,010. 03$1,015. 08$1,020. 15$1,025. 25 End of Year678910 Principal$1,025. 25$1,030. 38$1,035. 53$1,040. 71$1,045. 91 Interest$5. 13$5. 15$5. 18$5. 20$5. 23 Total$1,030. 38$1,035. 53$1,040. 71$1,045. 91$1,051. 14 Present Value – 3a. $7700 to be received three years from now with a 5% interest rate PV = 7700 / (1 + . 05) ^ 3 = 7700 / (1. 157625) = $6651. 55 3b. $1500 to be received five years from now with a 7% interest rate PV = 1500 / (1 + . 07) ^ 5 = 1500 / (1. 4025517) = $1069. 48 3c. $7200 to received two years from now with an 11% interest rate PV = 7200 / (1 + . 11) ^ 2 = 7200 / (1. 2321) = $ 5843. 68 3d. $ 680,000 to be received eight years from now with a 9% interest rate. PV = 680000 / (1 + . 09) ^ 8 = 680000 / (1. 9925626) = $341269. 07 Time Value of Money – Annuities 4. Present Value – Annuity / Suppose you are to receive an annuity of $3000 every year for 3 years @ 3% interest rate. PV = PVAF(r,n)*CF PVAF(r,n) = 1/r – 1/[r*(1+r)^n] (33. 33 – 30. 50472 = 2. 828611) PV = 2. 828611*3000 PV = $ 8485. 83 5. Future Value – Annuity / Suppose you receive a payment of $5000 every year for 3 years, depositing into a bank that pays 2% interest. FV = CF * FVAF (r,n) FVAF(r,n) = 1/r – 1/[r*(1+r)^n] (50 – 47. 11612 = 2. 883883) FV = 5000 * 2. 883883 FV = $14419. 42 REFERENCES Anonymous (2010). Investopedia. com. Present Value. Retrieved on 5 Apr 2010 @ http://www. investopedia. com/terms/p/presentvalue. asp 2 Megginson, William (2008). Corporate Finance. Stamford: Thomson Learning. P. 86. Anonymous (2010). Investopedia. com. Explaining Present Value-PV. Retrieved on 5 Apr 2010 @ http://www. investopedia. com/terms/p/presentvalue. asp 4 Anonymous (n. d). FinanceProfessor. com. Future Value. Retrieved on 3 Apr 2010 from http://www. financeprofessor. com/fiancnenotes/introductoryfin/presentvalue. htm 5 Anonymous (n. d). FinanceProfessor. com. P resent Value. Retrieved on 3 Apr 2010 from http://www. financeprofessor. com/fiancnenotes/introductoryfin/presentvalue. htm 6 Anonymous (2008). The Time Value of Money. Retrieved on 4 Apr 2010 from http://www. econedlink. org/lessons/index. cfm? lesson=EM37